It seems to me that you did not get a laptop from a friend. In fact, what you got, is a boat anchor. It will most likely cost close to or even more that a new one. Sorry to be the bearer of bad news.
Very first question I would ask: is it worth it!
Do you have a model number?
+1
Problem is, you can't discount the possibility that whomever did all this to the laptop didn't damage something. It might not even work if you replace all the missing parts. About the only way I think you could try it is to maybe buy a dead laptop of the same model on eBay and use yours for replacement parts to try to get it working.
In the long run, you'd probably be better off parting this out on eBay and putting your money towards a new laptop.