Depends on the phone
And watch out for NSA malware:
Hmmm... come to think of it, my phone's battery doesn't even last a full day...
Another way of looking at the problem is defining, exactly, what "off" means. Conceptually, your mobile phone is "off" when you aren't using it. A secondary, ulta low power "baseband" processor remains "on" to listen to the cell tower. When the baseband processor detects an incoming call, it turns the rest of the phone back "on". Especially with older "feature phones", turning the phone "completely off" would sometimes leave the baseband processor still "on", thus allowing you to be tracked. For example, sometimes the phone had a timing circuit that will occasionally turn on the baseband to grab SMS messages every 10 minutes -- even though it was "off" enough that it couldn't receive incoming calls.
Even if the baseband is off, many phones still have an alarm clock that remains "on". As the Nokia 1100 manual states "If the alarm time is reached while the phone is switched off, the phone switches itself on". This timer circuit emits extremely low EMF that may be detectable. Given an area in the countryside where insurgents are hiding, it might be enough to locate them.
The moral of this is that just because you define the phone as "off" doesn't mean that it's 100% completely "off" all the time.
And watch out for NSA malware:
Nokia's Chad Fentress had a similar statement, but his phrasing raised eyebrows at Privacy International: "Our devices are designed so that when they are switched off, the radio transceivers within the devices should be powered off." (Nokia's statement is also available on the website.)
Privacy International research officer Richard Tynan told Ars Technica that Nokia's wording, particularly the "should," is suspicious.
"Nokia's wording is very nuanced," Tynan said. "They don't say that transceivers 'are' switched off."
However, both Ericsson and Samsung suggested that it might be possible to place spyware on a phone that would keep some of its network functions active even after users pressed the power button to turn it off.
Hmmm... come to think of it, my phone's battery doesn't even last a full day...
