In their final report into the accident released Tuesday, Indonesia's official National Transportation Safety Committee said a major factor was a fault with a system that helps control the rudder's movement.
Cracked soldering in the component caused it to malfunction and send repeated warning messages to the pilots
When they received the fourth warning, the pilots pulled circuit-breakers on one of the aircraft's computers, removing power from the faulty system in a bid to reset it.
But in doing so, they also turned off the plane's autopilot.
'Subsequent flight crew action resulted in inability to control the aircraft
The plane went into a 'prolonged stall condition that was beyond the capability of the crew to recover', it said.
It added the flight data recorders did not indicate the weather had affected the aircraft.
The report said the faulty component, the Rudder Travel Limiter, had suffered 23 problems in the past 12 months, citing maintenance records.
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