There was an article on this in this morning's business section:
http://www.modbee.com/business/story/12517986p-13232364c.html
"U.S. oil companies blame the global oil market for high gasoline prices, but a close analysis of pricing suggests it's not so simple: The run-up at the pump also comes from domestic refining, which is largely controlled by Big Oil.
The Associated Press examined pricing trends since 1999, which was the starting bell for the modern era of pricier gasoline, and asked several economists to analyze the results. It found evidence that:
The portion of gas prices tied to refining has ballooned on its own, apart from oil.
The suspicion of frustrated drivers is correct: After upward spikes, the price of gasoline drops back more slowly than the price of oil ? and someone pockets the difference.
"It really leaves you bitter because we've suspected it for years," Kasha Bachar of Modesto said after she was told of the AP analysis. "But I'm not sure anything will be done about it because people continue to buy gasoline, and Americans don't like to use public transportation."
Joe Mitchell, a manager at Sky Trek Aviation in Modesto, also doesn't believe people will fight back against what he sees as price gouging.
"The only way to really handle it is to boycott gasoline, but the public will never organize and do that," Mitchell said. "Nothing will be done."
If that's true, gas prices most likely will remain high, regardless of what oil prices do, said Sean Comey, a spokesman for AAA of Northern California, which tracks gasoline prices in the state.
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If the oil companies are selling as much gas at $2 a gallon as they are at $3.15, where's the incentive for them to lower prices?" Comey said. "That's why we are trying to encourage people to conserve. Even small cutbacks can make a big difference."
In the past year, the average price of regular gas in Modesto rose from $2.56 to $3.12, Comey said. In California, it rose from $2.58 to $3.24.
The country's average price for regular gas climbed to a record high at just over $3 a gallon in July, according to the Lundberg Survey research firm. The petroleum industry knows many drivers are steamed about its record prices and profits.
In a recent television commercial by the industry's American Petroleum Institute, a driver wonders "why world demand for crude oil determines what I pay at the pump."
The industry wants Americans to know that the price of gas tracks the price of its chief ingredient, crude oil. Why? Oil prices are set on a world market, often beyond the direct control of American petroleum companies.
The group has a point. Crude oil does account for just under half the price of gasoline, the government says. And oil prices are subject partly to supply decisions of foreign oil powers and stiff demand in Europe and Asia.
Many Americans, however, remain dubious, even contemptuous, of industry claims.
"It's a bunch of bull. It's just to cover their behinds," said Fernando Reas of Hartford, Conn., who was saving on gas this summer by vacationing nearer home at a trailer park at Falmouth, Mass., on Cape Cod.
Refineries add to cost
Consumers such as Reas are right to suspect there's more to the story.
A big chunk of gas prices ? almost a fifth ? pays refiners who make gasoline from oil, and America's refineries have been hiking their prices, too.
Charges of refineries can be detected in what's known as their "margin" ? the difference between what they pay for crude oil and what they collect for the gas they refine. Service station costs and taxes add to the final retail price of gas.
In a competitive market, when raw material gets more expensive, margins typically shrink, economists say. Not so in the oil business these days. Refiners have managed to fatten their margins through years of rising oil costs.
Since 1999, their average margin has jumped by 85 percent, reaching 43 cents for June, according to AP's analysis of daily data from the New York Mercantile Exchange. That margin increased by just 20 percent in the seven preceding years.
Rayola Dougher, who oversees market issues for the American Petroleum Institute, said today's margins are helping refiners bounce back from leaner times of the 1990s. "They're still as a sector struggling, but certainly the last few years have been looking good," she acknowledges.
Bob Slaughter, president of the National Petrochemical and Refiners Association, blames high gas prices on high oil prices "which are frankly out of our control" ? not decisions by refiners to hold back on gas. But he also said, "
There is no law that says you can make people in an industry invest and expand capacity."
Gas prices follow oil on the way up
There's another way to fatten your take: Once prices are up, you can keep them there.
An examination of gasoline prices relative to those of oil shows this tendency:
Gas prices shoot up along with oil's ? but they sputter down slowly, lagging behind drops in crude prices.
The AP analysis looked at weekly federal pricing data since September 1999.
It found a gallon of retail gas rose an average of 6 cents for a 10-cent rise in oil, but dropped only 4 cents for a 10-cent decline in oil ? suggesting that gas temporarily resisted downward shifts more strongly than oil.
Economists call the phenomenon "downward sticky" prices.
"When costs go down, there's a margin there that people are happy to hold on to as long as they can," said economist Richard Gilbert at the University of California at Berkeley.
Refining groups suggest gas stations may be offsetting losses they suffered earlier, when their margins were squeezed by the spiking cost of wholesale gas. But gas stations, backed by some market studies, say their skinny margins are hard to pad.
Then who would pocket "downward sticky" profits? Economists suspect it's more likely the businesses that set wholesale prices charged to gas stations: the refiners."