It appears your strict assessment of risk is money. I don't view it this way because if you want to get into business for yourself, costs are involved. Try getting into a McDonald's or Starbucks and see what your startup costs are. Now compare that to your own mom n' pop store. The smaller store will be way less, but your profits will likely be a lot less as well. However you're still looking at tens of thousands of dollars just to get going.
Most MLM's are $50 or less for their base fee, and up to a few thousand for higher packages to get started. Point being, you can choose what you're comfortable with.
To me - the real risk is selling a consumable product and taking risk in what that customer does with that product. This is a much higher risk than your initial investment (unavoidable with any business) as you can be sued for millions depending on the issue.
To answer your direct questions - I was probably getting paid 50 cents an hour to start lol. But by the end it was more in the neighborhood of $20-$100/hr depending on what I was getting paid for. If time would have been able to continue, that number would only increase. This is why you sacrifice to get started. You don't get reward for NOTHING as is most people's mentality. You just want the check, not the investment. Get real.
The company makes its money off the customers AND distributors, no doubt. But they wouldn't be in business if they weren't paying the distributors, either. Additionally the distributors are the ones finding customers, so the distributors are making money from their customers too.
Same as a regular company - if you cost more than your productivity your ass is canned. So if you want to go around avoiding companies that make money off you - good luck.