What this country needs to do, just to get started, is to force every member of the Senate, House, and the President, to answer the simple question: "Do you want a balanced budget?" No discussion about specific programs, no argument about cutting this versus cutting that, just force them to go on record stating whether or not they support this goal. If they do not support it, they must justify why not. Start out knowing what they're motivations are. And if they lie about it, then they'll eventually be exposed as liars.
Politicians don't want a balanced budget because they're elected by people who don't really want a balanced budget. Sure, the average person might say they do, but not if it means either paying more in taxes or receiving less in benefits. Most people want to lose weight, but most do not want to diet or exercise. Same thing when it comes to the budget.