linkage
In an annual, less than pleasant ritual, the taxpayers will prepare their 2003 federal income tax returns. The 113,000 employees of the U.S. Internal Revenue Service will process about 200 million tax returns that will have been filed by April 15.
On Jan. 5, the IRS sent postcards to the 28 million electronic tax filers and 34 million Form 1040 booklets to the paper filers. The IRS expects to process 131 million individual tax returns.
Have you ever wondered how we ever came to adopt such an unwieldy, time-consuming, and frequently frustrating tax system as the federal income tax?
Well, folks, we did it to ourselves.
The people of the United States decided it was a good thing, so we amended the Constitution to have an income tax.
It all occurred 91 years ago, when the 16th Amendment was ad- opted. The people didn't know what they were getting into because at that time, the personal tax exemptions were generous, and less than one-half of 1 percent of the people paid the tax. And they paid very little.
The tax was 1 percent of income. A graduated surtax beginning on incomes of $20,000 (a lot of money in those days) rose gradually to 6 percent on incomes of more than $500,000 ($7 million in today's money value).
Once the income tax law was enacted, the fat was in the fire, because the 16th Amendment is completely open ended with no restrictions or limitations on Congress.
The first few words of the amendment read, "The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived." With this blanket authority, Congress has changed the tax rate many times since 1913, simply by legislative action.
Apparently, the new tax code was not very well understood. Sen. Elihu Root was speaking to a friend shortly after the tax was enacted and is reported to have remarked that they both could go to jail for failing to understand the tax form.
Mind you, the original 1913 code had only 16 pages. Today's Revenue Code is more than 36,000 pages. As we all have learned, it is still not well understood, except by a well-trained cadre of tax professionals.
To put it in perspective, the Gettysburg Address runs about 200 words. The Declaration of Independence is about 1,300 words. The Holy Bible contains about 773,000 words. But the federal income tax code runs about 7 million words, and is growing longer every year. Since 1986, Congress has made more than 4,000 changes to the tax law.
