BEIJING - China's decision to cut its currency's link to the U.S. dollar could make its exports more expensive over time, giving a slight respite to foreign producers trying to compete with an avalanche of low-cost Chinese goods.
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But Chinese companies also could get a break as prices of imported oil and other raw materials fall. And a stronger currency would make foreign assets cheaper for Chinese buyers, possibly prompting more takeover bids like the one launched recently for U.S. oil company Unocal Corp.
The decision to base the yuan's state-set value on a basket of foreign currencies such as the euro or the Japanese yen could see the yuan ? also known as the renminbi, or "people's money" ? rise in value as the dollar weakens against those currencies, dragged down by mounting U.S. budget and trade deficits.
"Over the next couple of years, we wouldn't be surprised to see a 10 to 15 percent appreciation of the renminbi against the U.S. dollar," said Nariman Behravesh, chief economist for the financial firm Global Insight in Lexington, Mass.
A rise in the currency would push up the price of Chinese goods in dollar terms, heightening competition with other low-wage makers of shoes, clothes and appliances such as Bangladesh or Indonesia.
Americans, Europeans and other foreign buyers would pay more for Chinese-made T-shirts and television sets, while Chinese would see imports get cheaper. A more favorable exchange rate also could prompt more Chinese tourists to travel abroad.
"It will slow down the growth in exports a little in China," said Behravesh. "This kind of a change in currency isn't going to change China's competitiveness a lot. But it will take Chinese competitiveness down a notch."
The central bank of Japan, the biggest Asian exporter, welcomed China's announcement, even though foreign currency traders bid up the yen against the dollar in reaction to the news.
Japan could benefit from having the yuan linked to a mixed basket of currencies, which could restrain the yuan's fall against the yen the next time the dollar drops, reducing the impact on Japanese exporters.
The impact on Chinese exporters would be cushioned by an equal fall in the cost of imported raw materials, easing pressure on their profit margins.
There are few authoritative calculations of the potential impact of a revaluation in China.
But an estimate by Zhai Shihong, a senior official at the National Bureau of Statistics, says a 5 percent rise in the yuan would cut export growth to below 10 percent, from 35 percent last year.
And even a 15 percent jump in the yuan against the dollar would be considered modest compared with the much larger swing by the euro, which has risen by about 40 percent against the U.S. currency over the past three years, Behravesh said.
Pain also could be felt abroad as retailers that rely on China as the world's supplier of low-tech goods are hit by higher prices.
In the long run, many experts believe a stronger yuan will have little effect on the U.S. trade deficit with China, which hit a record $162 billion last year, much less return manufacturing jobs to North America.
A stronger currency also could encourage more corporate takeover bids by Chinese companies, which have spent billions of dollars on foreign assets in an effort to establish themselves as global competitors.
"It could accelerate that process, because U.S. assets will now be that much cheaper," Behravesh said. "So I could see some more Chinese companies making takeover offers."