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You can filter any particle larger than the pieces you want to get through. It's just a matter of changing it often enough (as it will clog fast), and having the pressure to get decent airflow. I know exactly what I'm talking about, and whether or not automotive cabin filter are available that are a high enough merv rating is inconsequential. The simple fact is that "activated charcoal" is not necessary to filter out the bulk of odors that exist, and only really tiny things like H2S can't be purely with a particulate filter. However, your claim was that the only way possible to filter odors is with charcoal. This is patently false.
However, keep thinking that small particles are some magical substance like the aether that permeates reality. O2? Particle.