If you want to work in a clinical setting, you are *really* going to want to do a residency after you graduate with your PharmD. These are programs that you interview for in the spring of your last year of school. It goes through a rank & matching process that you find out the results of in March of your last year.
Most programs are a year, and typically pay in $35,000-$40,000 range. A few higher, a few lower. It's a pretty brutal year depending on where you go, but it's definitely nothing like what a med student will encounter.
My wife was working on average 60 hours a week during her residency, but she had others in the same program that were squeeking by on only 45'ish. She put in a lot more work though and it has paid off dividends in knowledge compared to others that were in her program.
During your residency you can kind of go general in that you hit up a bunch of different areas (internal med, peds, cardiology, nephrology, organ transplant, onc, ICU, ect) for a month to two months at a time. Or you can go a more specialized route and choose to put a lot of your time into a specific area and just touch on the others.
A residency is typically viewed as 3-5 years of experience and provides you significant leverage over those who haven't done one. The knowledge base between a resident trained and non-resident trained pharmacist is very noticable.
After your residency you can either hop into the work force, choose to do a specialized residency (typically peds, cardiology or oncology), or do a fellowship. A fellowship is pretty rare and reserved for those that want to go academia and teach. It's a research position and basically involves doing peer reviews of research studies.
Once you are actually working, you have some options available for advanced certification, the most common being BCPS AKA Board Certified Pharmacist. It's a pretty grueling test that doesn't really have a passing score. It's offered once a year, and only the highest scoring XX% are given the title.
You can get a general BCPS title, or you can get specialized ones in dietry and oncology.
As far as positions available in a hospital, there isn't much dichotemy. You'll have the typical pharmacist, possibly a specialist and/or a team lead, and then management. Mangement is pretty much completely removed from patient care and is largely just administrative in nature.