NTFS has permissions too.
If you want to share files between PCs, IMHO, you need to enable whatever you need to in Advanced File Sharing under the networking stuff, but then, you have to worry again about the filesystem users and permissions, ON TOP OF the network sharing stuff. I think that's where you're at now.
Create a username on the host (server) PC, that the client PC will use to access the files, and give that user read (or read/write) permissions to those directories. (I don't know if you can set advanced file-sharing permissions on a directory or group of files without having the "Pro" version of Windows, btw.)
Edit: Btw, Windows' File-sharing on modern versions of Windows, are designed to operate WITH a password, and normally block access to accounts that don't have a password, for security reasons. (*If your Windows firewall ever fails, or really, if you ever choose Private network, while you're connected directly to the internet, then the entire roving hordes of Chinese internet hackers will 0wn your PC so fast it will make your head spin, if you don't have a password and allow sharing.)