Originally posted by: CycloWizard
Originally posted by: totalcommand
What I'm trying to say is that people only rail against "ends justifying the means" when they are faced with a significant moral dilemma, such as torture. But we make decisions every day by considering the how good the consequences of those decisions are - like buying flowers, or talking to the girl's best friend behind her back. These are just a few of the times that we consider the ends of our actions, there are many many more. The times we are faced with moral dilemmas are cases when considering only the ends of our actions fail, and we must find other ways to arrive at a decision. That is to say - only when the means seem as significant as the ends to people jump up and say "the ends cannot justify the means", yet they use this maxim everyday in their lives when the means seem insignificant in relation to the ends.
That is why I say that there are cases when we can arrive at decisions using this maxim, and there are also cases where this maxim fails.
Simply because people act contrary to the maxim doesn't mean the maxim fails. People act in unethical manners on a daily basis - every person, in some manner or another. People don't always (read: hardly ever) consider the ethical concerns related to their actions, much less care what ethics might dictate regarding their behavior. This cannot, however, lessen the unethical nature of these acts. As I said before, it only comes up when ethical/moral judgments are involved, since other means require no justification. Why would I try to justify walking north instead of south? After all, if I go 10,000 miles in either direction, I'll end up in the same place (after freezing my arse off).
We innately justify every action we do. You don't see ethical and moral dilemmas in many of the decisions we do every day. But why is this? We're still making a decision. That decision will effect everyone around us. The reason is because we're subconciously thinking about the consequences of our actions; we're subconsciously justifying every action we do (or we wouldn't have done it in the first place). Many of these decisions are morally neutral, but some are also morally correct. If you analyze a person's morally correct actions that are determined by their innate sense of morality, you will find that in many cases, the ends will justify the means.
Ethical and moral dilemmas are specific cases where our innate sense of morality (that is partially based in "the ends justify the means"), fails to give a clear answer. They are dilemmas because of the very fact that all our innate, subconscious "maxims" fail.
When we have ethical and moral dilemmas, we bring our innate sense of morality to the surface and we're forced to find a rationalized way to come to a decision. One way to rationalize is to use "the ends justify the means". It is quite possible that this maxim will arrive at the "correct" answer, while other rationalization will not.
Legality is irrelevent to what is morally correct - our morals determine what is legal, not the other way around. Can you give me a moral argument, or ethical argument for why torture is always wrong?
(If you're stuck I can give you mine).
I definitely agree that legality is completely irrelevant when deciding the morality of a situation. Still, it must be considered in the current discussion since we're essentially debating the possibility of legalized torture. I would argue that torture is always wrong because it dehumanizes the subject, stripping him of dignity. It has long-lasting physical and emotional effects, all of which are negative. It strips the subject of all rights, putting them below animals in our own society where even animals are protected from such behavior. The simplest answer is that it removes all protection of rights - natural, legal, or otherwise - from the subject. Common motives (intimidation, hatred/revenge) are also an indicator that the action itself is immoral/unethical, even if used for extraction of information. The results of torture are likely to be worse than the act itself, stirring hatred and continued violence against the perpetrators, creating a cycle of violence.
Feel free to share yours, too. I hadn't really previously thought about reasons why it's wrong, since I think everyone here would agree that the action itself is wrong, even if they support its use in certain circumstances.[/quote]
I don't see how any person could support a "wrong" action. I mean, the fact that it's wrong means it shouldn't be done. I thought their argument was torture is morally right in certain circumstances.
My feeling is that torture is wrong under all circumstances because it uses fear of pain, whether physical or emotional, to force a subject to do an action against his or her will, in essence making the person a lab animal in a science experiment. Like you said, it dehumanizes the person, because it removes their ability to feel secure and be an autonomous person.
But why is it wrong in all circumstances? Doesn't the suffering of the 1000's of people who might die because we did not torture this person outweigh the suffering of this one person? The reason it doesn't to me is that torture is one of the true injustices. It has no idea of justice in mind, it simply dehumanizes the subject to extract information. And I think anything that forces us to destroy our sense of justice can have disasterous outcomes greater than the possible loss of thousands of lives - because, like you said, we don't know exactly what the outcome will be.