I don't think so... but I could be wrong..
My understanding is that the battery is just used to retain settings within the BIOS.. If the battery was going bad, you'd see some tell tale signs before it died completely... and they would include the date/time settings being lost... CHECKSUM errors when you boot up.. and if you overclock.. you'd get warning about settings being lost, etc.. I'm pretty sure it would at least try to post... In fact, I think you can even remove the battery , and the board would power up.. but it would simply read the default settings from the bios chip.... but I'm not 100% sure....
If you are not getting any power at all... that would suggest something along the lines of a power supply issue, or something not seated correctly (video card).. or something shorting out the board (connectors into hard drives, floppies, or the board itself shorting out against the pc case).. or it could be a faulty PC Case Switch.. (you can rule that out by removing the case switch connectors into the board.. and then try shorting out the 2 pins with a screwdriver, to see if it starts up)....
If you've tried to clear the CMOS/Bios.. and left the 3pin jumper in the reset position, that could cause a problem as well.....
Hope this helps....
Mike