Science-in-layman's terms book:
A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson
I too recommend this book. I'm a guy who has lots of books sitting around, great books, that I may have started but have yet to work through to the end. However, I read this book happily without stopping in I guess 2-3 days.
Lolita, considered one of the best english language books of the 20th century, Nabakov's use of english is amazing.
Although I read this in high school it has never left my mind. The fact that English was not Nabakov's first language is incredibly impressive. The same can be said for Joseph Conrad, another marvelous writer.
The Fountainhead - Ayn Rand
I read this in high school too, or maybe my first year at the U. I found this book entirely engrossing and I got completely into it. Interesting that Atlas Shrugged has been mentioned at least 3 times. I know nothing about it, but Ayn Rand apparently hasn't fallen into obscurity, which to me is surprising given the fact that she's regarded in some circles as an arch conservative, someone to make fun of. At least, this has been my impression. Maybe I am mistaken in this.
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Dostoevsky has been mentioned (Brothers K and Crime and Punishment). I read The Idiot in college and again, was completely drawn into it.
Several mentions of Vonnegut. I haven't touched any, and guess I really should.
For sci-fi, I recommend Heinlein (the first I read was The Puppet Masters) and Arthur C. Clarke (e.g. Stranger in a Strange Land or 2001), two titans of the field although they are from way back, the 50's I guess.
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I have read a fair amount of Jack London and liked his The Road and Martin Eden.
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I second Kerouac's On the Road and Dharma Bums.
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Burroughs' Naked Lunch is a total kick in the head.