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Who needs a government bureaucrat between you and your doctor when an insurance claims adjuster is so much better? Apparently these claims adjusters know more about cancer treatment than world-renowned oncologists.Will your insurance company pay for the treatment your doctors recommend? They may not. That's what a single mother from Chico said she found out.
In late April, Shelly Andrews-Buta was scheduled to undergo treatment for breast cancer that had spread to her brain, threatening her life.
The experience has been emotionally devastating. "I have two beautiful children, you know, I'm a single mom, they need me to be around," Andrews-Buta told CBS 5 Investigates.
But instead of having doctors working to remove her brain tumors on the day the surgery was scheduled, she sat in a San Francisco hotel room. Why? Because at the last minute, her insurance company, Blue Shield, decided it wasn't going to pay for the treatment her doctors at UCSF Medical Center had recommended.
Andrews-Buta was stunned. "I mean this is my life, this is my life, this isn't, gee, if we don't do it you're just going to have a cut that doesn't heal, this is you're going to die," she said.
Without treatment, her doctor told her she in fact would die: tumors had invaded 15 separate areas in her brain.
"I wanted to rapidly get control of these lesions," said UCSF radiation oncologist Dr. Penny Sneed. "I felt there was a great time urgency, and we couldn't wait."
Just two weeks prior to the scheduled date for surgery, Andrews-Buta could still walk. Now she's almost paralyzed and unable to walk without assistance.
Dr. Sneed told her that her best chance of survival lay with a high-tech machine called a "gamma knife."
There's no actual cutting with the knife. Instead, the beams of radiation called gamma rays target a tumor from multiple angles.
The radiation can shrink and even kill a tumor without harming surrounding brain tissue.
Dr. Sneed, who is co-director of UCSF's Gamma Knife Radiosurgery Program, described it as an amazing machine and the most appropriate treatment for Andrews-Buta.
But the doctor said when it came to getting Blue Shield's approval for the procedure; she was surprised to learn that the company's policy lays out that a patient who has more than three brain tumors, what doctors call lesions, would not be covered for the gamma knife procedure.
Dr. Sneed felt the policy was unreasonable. "What I was up against was just a rule: 'Well, if it's more than three lesions, that's too many,'" Sneed said.
Blue Shield said it would pay instead for a less expensive treatment called whole-brain radiation, in which doctors try to kill tumors by exposing the entire brain to radiation. But Dr. Sneed said that wasn't the best option for Andrews-Buta.
"Gamma knife treatment works faster than whole-brain radiation in shrinking lesions," Sneed said. She believes Andrews-Buta's tumors are growing too quickly to be halted by the whole brain radiation.
Sneed is considered an expert on both procedures but said Blue Shield representatives didn't seem to want to listen to her opinion.
"There wasn't enough opportunity, I believe, to discuss it and talk about the pros and cons, and my rationale," she said.
So why did Blue Shield overrule Dr. Sneed? In emails, a company representative told CBS 5 Investigates that Blue Shield's position is that for patients with multiple tumors, gamma knife surgery 'does not improve survival' better than whole brain radiation.
But UCSF doctors say whole brain radiation has serious side effects as well.
"When the whole brain is irradiated, it suffers some form of injury," according to UCSF neurosurgeon Michael McDermott, also a co-director of the gamma knife program.
"What we're looking at is permanent or irreversible changes in the brain", said McDermott.
And Dr. Sneed said many patients suffer the effects of the radiation in their everyday lives. "They may have trouble remembering things. And that can really impact their quality of life, ability to work and function."
Other insurance companies do cover the procedure. Just a week after Andrews-Buta's treatment was denied by Blue Shield, a patient with similar cancers had her gamma knife treatment approved by a different insurance company.
Courtney LeBoeuf also suffers from breast cancer that metastasized to the brain and she, too, has multiple tumors exceeding Blue Shield's guidelines; in her case there are 10 tumors in her brain.
"I've heard wonderful things about this procedure," said LeBoeuf shortly before undergoing treatment. "And many women and men who have gone before me have had tremendous results with very little side effects."
They're results Shelly Andrews-Buta wanted her to be able to get as well. So a group of her friends got together and raised more than $30,000 to put toward paying for her treatment. Andrews-Buta still owes about $12,000 but her friends will hold a fundraiser at the end of June to cover the remainder of the cost.
Blue Shield sent the following statement to CBS 5 Investigates regarding Shelly Andrews-Buta's case:
"Blue Shield makes medical necessity decisions based on what is the most appropriate safe and effective treatment. To do that, we rely on the best evidence-based medical research available and the clinical opinion of medical experts. While we approve of gamma knife surgery when appropriate, in this case, the most appropriate treatment is whole brain radiation therapy, which we would approve for medical necessity if requested."