When you sharpen a knife or any type of blade, is it better to go against the edge or with it? Is it just a preference?
Simple way is to go against the edge with a common sharpener first and then go to the edge with a sharper angle for ten strokes each side.
You go about 20-30 angle against and about 45 angle away from.
It all depends though, there are different thicknesses on knives and what you want is really a blade that is tapered off to an edge that is about 30 degrees, that way it won't break and it can stay sharp, that is for most usual knife steels.
Then there are some that require machining simply because of their edge, there are others like carbon steel knives which are the ones that you can really use as a razor when you're done with a 45 degree angle edge.
I advice against most machining because most people are horrible at it, better to take the time with a steel and sharpen it proper.
Either that or get Porshe knives, half the price of much worse knives and if they need sharpening in ten years, they will sharpen them for you.