Ok, after doing a bunch of research, it seems that for the United States, the holy grail combination for international travel cards is:
Charles Schwab debit card - no foreign transaction fees, no ATM fees, anywhere in the world. Period.
Capital One credit card (any of them) - no foreign transaction fees, anywhere in the world. Period.
Can anyone confirm?
Also, is there a benefit to getting an airline miles card versus a points or cash back card? Say that you spend $10,000 on the card. Will that get you more value in cash back or more value in airline tickets (ie. spending $10,000 could get you $100 cash back on a typical cash back card (1% is a pretty standard cash back rate) or $400 worth of airline tickets on a mileage card, so the airline miles card is a much better value, but I don't think this exists... usually it's $10,000 = 10,000 miles = $100 airline ticket, right?).