I don't have a set schedule but I make sure my records and my online statements add up every so often, usually once every couple weeks. This goes for all accounts - checking, savings, credit card, etc. If I'm a penny off I hunt it down. I keep an Excel spreadsheet and have columns set up for each account for each type of item that money (or that bill) is assigned to, like gas, food, housing, car related stuff like repairs or insurance, etc, and all those columns add up to the total in the account at all times. I don't really have a set budget per se aside from the stuff that never changes each month like rent or student loan payments, but I still allocate money to each item and have a rough idea what the average is for each per month. Maybe not the best system, but so far it seems to work.
I do maintain a fair bit more in my checking than is necessary for each month (typically 2-3 average month's worth), the rest is in a savings account. Paychecks go into checking, and a couple hundred automatically goes into savings every month. The checking account gradually grows larger even after the auto transfer to savings, so eventually I'll make an extra transfer to the savings account once, maybe twice a year.
That money in savings will go towards a down payment on a house, or a replacement vehicle when that time comes, a surprise medical expense (unlikely to happen at this juncture as I'm young and healthy, but it could), etc. I should probably open an HSA specifically for the medical side but haven't gotten around to that yet.