I'm assuming you used the correct front panel input control on the receiver, e.g. "tuner" for the tuner etc.
Try testing the receiver alone first. Headphones will tell you if the receiver's tuner-preamp sections are working - turn the receiver on, plug in headphones, set the front control to tuner, and tune in a station. The receiver may have a front panel control for the headphones, if so, turn it on as appropriate. You should hear something with headphones. You can also do this with seperate input devices like your CD player.
If headphones work (or you don't have any to test with) try the receiver and speakers next. "Speaker" and "remote speaker" connections - sounds like you have a stereo receiver. The terminals marked "speaker" should work fine. On the front of the unit, make sure you have the correct speakers selected using the front panel controls. Some receivers won't play if you select both sets of speakers ("speaker" and "remote speaker") and do not have anything connected to the second speaker terminals. (Receivers like this put the speakers in series.) Again, try the reveiver's tuner and you should hear something. If not, see if the receiver's own power amp is still connected (see below).
If the receiver works, you can try connecting the amp again. A receiver is a tuner plus a preamplifier plus a power amplifier. If you had the receiver plugged in to an amp, this would be a seperate power amp, thus bypassing the receiver's power amp. The receiver's tuner and preamp are still used in this type of setup. Some (perhaps most) receivers with user access to the preamp stage have jumpers/plugs in the rear to connect the preamp to the power amp, and to connect a seperate power amp, the jumpers/plugs are removed and the seperate amp is plugged directly in to the preamp output. If this is the case with your receiver, you'll need to reconnect the preamp and power amp stages of the receiver to test it alone.
Good luck!