The fuck is that?
OBDII is On Board Diagnostics, version II. We can really thank those fuckheads in California for it, coming up with their weird ideas about emissions, then mandating things like CARB (emissions restrictions in CA only), then mandating OBDII on all cars sold there. The feds heard that, decided it was a great idea, and made it federal - everything '96 and up needed to have OBDII.
It lets you, or the inspection agencies, plug in big scanners that can check tons of sensors in the car. It's not for black box crash data, it's for emissions and safety checks. Unfortunately, it has programmed spec ranges for each model of car, so if you do an engine swap, it'll throw all sorts of flags, as the sensors won't match up, the readings that show will be way outside of parameter, et cetera.
The government has failed to provide exception ranges for engine swaps and other enthusiast mods.