Frankly I'm not sure it says that, I'm honestly not able to decipher it. If it takes 27 years to become a citizen I'd be pretty surprised, given I've never heard that from a news source or practically from Mexican citizens I know who became U.S. citizens. Of course, it's possible the immigration bill would fix a lot of this anyway.
Yes, most people don't understand how arcane the immigration system is. This is just the tip of the iceberg. What that table means is that if you're the adult child of a US citizen from Mexico or Philippines (F3), then you have to wait 22 years before your green card application is processed. In these 22 years, you get no special visa status, so you wait outside the country (unless you get some kind of separate visa). Similarly, if you're the brother or the sister of a US citizen (F4) you wait 23 years for the Philippines.
The immigration bill would "fix" it - for the future. Nonetheless, the scenario I mentioned can easily be true. Right now, there is NO incentive for someone on F3 or F4 to wait in their home countries. In fact, it is downright disadvantageous for them to do so, unless they have good lives there already. In which case, why would they want to come here?
They should have to, that I agree with. Honestly don't know.
It's not self explanatory if you can't, uh, explain it, haha. Why are people crossing the border illegally is the real, and frankly only relevant question here. Can you guess as to why they're coming into the country illegally, and why it may be jumping the shark to relegate them to 2nd class citizens by locking them out of civic participation in elections?
IMO there are three reasons:
1. "Simple" crimes can disqualify you from a green card, and as a consequence citizenship. Violating a country's immigration laws and sovereignty is not a simple crime, it's an egregious crime, and the punishment is second class status.
2. As in the example above, being illegal is actually favorable to getting citizenship compared to the law abiding legal immigrant. Then what's the point of following the laws? This way, the law abider is allowed civic participation while the law breaker isn't.
3. Permanent residency does provide safeties and guarantees of the US constitution. Your claim of "2nd class" citizens makes them seem like some hated minority under a fascist regime when it can't be further from the truth.
Legal immigrants are important too, and they have sob stories of their own. Why isn't their story important? Why only the stories of those here illegally?