Aquarium Filter

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blackangst1

Lifer
Feb 23, 2005
22,902
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?

Then again, I also heavily heavily plant all of my tanks, and so they tend to be really really clean all by themselves.

I have found that carbon does make for clearer water.

Filters are for much more than water flow. They provide the bed to convert nitrites to nitrates among other things. Plants dont do this.

The only time you really need charcoal is after a tank has been medicated...after that, its useless.
 

HumblePie

Lifer
Oct 30, 2000
14,665
440
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Filters are for much more than water flow. They provide the bed to convert nitrites to nitrates among other things. Plants dont do this.

The only time you really need charcoal is after a tank has been medicated...after that, its useless.

carbon takes fine particulates out of the water. It also has a large surface area for the bacteria colonies to grow, but the surface area is so fine it can get "clogged" quickly. Although the bacteria will still be there, it will no longer filter out particulates if you need it to.

I'm using the activated carbon/zeolite chips as more bio media really at this point. I was given some from a friend who had some extra from his old tank setup. So cost me nothing really. In the grand scheme of things, you should rarely if ever need activated carbon/zeolite/purigen at all.

For a 29g tank I would go with a smaller aquatop canister or a decent HOB like an aquaclear or marineland.
 

desura

Diamond Member
Mar 22, 2013
4,627
129
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The thing is that the bacteria will grow just about anywhere that it's dark. Even in the substrate, or in various aquarium items.
 

evident

Lifer
Apr 5, 2005
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The thing is that the bacteria will grow just about anywhere that it's dark. Even in the substrate, or in various aquarium items.
:confused: i'd just quit right now... having a filter is essential for a successful tank
 

Charlie98

Diamond Member
Nov 6, 2011
6,298
64
91
Filters are for much more than water flow. They provide the bed to convert nitrites to nitrates among other things. Plants dont do this.

The only time you really need charcoal is after a tank has been medicated...after that, its useless.

True. I only run bio media and a sponge. Works great.

^^^^That and that.

I run twin Fluval 405's on each of my 180gal turtle tanks, just biomedia and sponges and they are clear, even considering the gigantic waste machines my turtles are.

Blackangst, you are slightly off, however... a biofilter will neutralize ammonia and nitrites, nitrates will continue to build up and can only be eliminated by partial water changes.
 

NutBucket

Lifer
Aug 30, 2000
27,150
635
126
Is it bad I only change my water every few months? :p The fish really don't seem to care at all. I used to have to change it every 2 or 3 weeks because the stupid HOB couldn't keep up with things.
 

Charlie98

Diamond Member
Nov 6, 2011
6,298
64
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My reference is with turtle tanks... turtles create huge amounts of waste compared to fish, which is why I have 2 (sometimes 3) filters running always. The big indicator will be water quality and clarity, and water test parameters. The biofilter should neutralize ammonia and nitrites once the filter cycles. Monitoring the nitrate level with a good test kit is essential. You can pretty much negate that by changing 10% of the water each week as a matter of course (and that may be too much even for a fish tank... I don't really know.)
 

ControlD

Diamond Member
Apr 25, 2005
5,440
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My reference is with turtle tanks... turtles create huge amounts of waste compared to fish, which is why I have 2 (sometimes 3) filters running always. The big indicator will be water quality and clarity, and water test parameters. The biofilter should neutralize ammonia and nitrites once the filter cycles. Monitoring the nitrate level with a good test kit is essential. You can pretty much negate that by changing 10% of the water each week as a matter of course (and that may be too much even for a fish tank... I don't really know.)

10% per week is not too much. I do 25-50% water changes in all four of my tanks weekly.
 

crownjules

Diamond Member
Jul 7, 2005
4,858
0
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In a planted tank, the nitrates will get used up by the plants. But that obviously adds another layer of complexity to the tank as you have to start dealing with proper lighting levels and the other nutrients plants crave. Similar but different - well run reef tanks will have no bio-filters at all. The closest thing is a skimmer, to remove excess bio-waste from the water column, chaeto (plant) specifically to suck up the nitrates and phosphate, and sometimes active carbon or a phosphate scrubber.

Man I miss my reef tank system. One day, I will do it again. Though I shudder at the thought of the cost.
 

spacejamz

Lifer
Mar 31, 2003
10,960
1,657
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I have two emperor 400's on my 55G that has 7 african cichlids (about 4")...will probably add a few more though...my water stays clear even though I don't do my water changes as often as I should...

Reading about how quiet these canister filters are now has me considering them...

I have always used Emperors (for about 20 years now) and have no experience with canister filters...Any tips on using them before I pull the trigger on one?

Two of these should be sufficient for my 55G, right?

http://www.amazon.com/Aquatop-CF300-.../dp/B004GJ244G
 

ControlD

Diamond Member
Apr 25, 2005
5,440
44
91
I have two emperor 400's on my 55G that has 7 african cichlids (about 4")...will probably add a few more though...my water stays clear even though I don't do my water changes as often as I should...

Reading about how quiet these canister filters are now has me considering them...

I have always used Emperors (for about 20 years now) and have no experience with canister filters...Any tips on using them before I pull the trigger on one?

Two of these should be sufficient for my 55G, right?

http://www.amazon.com/Aquatop-CF300-.../dp/B004GJ244G

For the same money spent you could get one good canister (Rena or Eheim) which will be plenty for a 55g tank. Add a powerhead if you need more water movement.

I have never used an Aquatop canister but they look a lot like the Fluval canisters which from my experience (had Fluvals on two of my tanks and had both of them replaced at least once) those filters tend to leak if you have a power outage. It is never fun to come home from vacation to find your filter has leaked 60 gallons of water.
 

NutBucket

Lifer
Aug 30, 2000
27,150
635
126
How would a canister leak due to power outage? That's the whole point right, its a sealed system so water won't siphon out onto the floor... I don't know if a canister is really quieter than a good HOB. I mean, the only noise from a HOB is typically from the water spilling back into the tank. The big advantage of the canister is the huge amount of media. You won't have to clean it nearly as much.

I have a Fluval 305 that I bought about 2 years ago. No issues to speak of so far.
 

ControlD

Diamond Member
Apr 25, 2005
5,440
44
91
How would a canister leak due to power outage? That's the whole point right, its a sealed system so water won't siphon out onto the floor... I don't know if a canister is really quieter than a good HOB. I mean, the only noise from a HOB is typically from the water spilling back into the tank. The big advantage of the canister is the huge amount of media. You won't have to clean it nearly as much.

I have a Fluval 305 that I bought about 2 years ago. No issues to speak of so far.

This was with the x04 series of Fluval filters so perhaps the design has changed.

The filter would leak through the handles that clamped the motor housing to the filter body. When the filter was running it would create what amounted to a pressure seal (you could actually see the motor and housing suck together just a little bit). When the motor was no longer running the seal would give just a little bit and allow water to leak out.
 

Charlie98

Diamond Member
Nov 6, 2011
6,298
64
91
For the same money spent you could get one good canister (Rena or Eheim) which will be plenty for a 55g tank. Add a powerhead if you need more water movement.

I have never used an Aquatop canister but they look a lot like the Fluval canisters which from my experience (had Fluvals on two of my tanks and had both of them replaced at least once) those filters tend to leak if you have a power outage. It is never fun to come home from vacation to find your filter has leaked 60 gallons of water.

I would tend to agree with Rena or Eheim, to that I would add Fluval. I have 5 Fluvals (4x 405, 1x 205) running on my tanks and they have never leaked. I also break them down about every 6-9 months to clean them... and replace the head O-ring. I also inspect the rest of the fittings... never had a leak in 5 years. I have had water reverse-siphon up one of my air lines and wet the bottom of my tank stand!

I've noticed some 'budget' filters showing up on the retail sites... I would have to actually lay hands on them and see how well they are built before I would give up my Fluvals.

If you have your canister set up properly, you don't hear it at all... I know, the 4 405's I have are in my living room... with the TV, etc. It's designed as a closed system... you shouldn't even hear water moving unless you have the return pointed up.
 

Charlie98

Diamond Member
Nov 6, 2011
6,298
64
91
In a planted tank, the nitrates will get used up by the plants.

That's right... I forgot about the plants using up the nitrates.

Live plants in the tank also adds phosphates to the tank... possibly resulting in algae. I quit the live plant thing about 2 years ago... :eek:
 

ControlD

Diamond Member
Apr 25, 2005
5,440
44
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That's right... I forgot about the plants using up the nitrates.

Live plants in the tank also adds phosphates to the tank... possibly resulting in algae. I quit the live plant thing about 2 years ago... :eek:

Live plants don't add phosphates to the tank, they consume phosphates. All plants require N-P-K (plus carbon) to grow. I have to dose phosphates twice a week to keep my levels up.

*Edit: I guess maybe you were talking about having to dose phosphates but not having the right balance.
 

lupi

Lifer
Apr 8, 2001
32,539
260
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Back when I had my 55 up with cichlids I ran it with a 300 series fluval and a UG with reversed power heads. The fish must have been happy as it spawned several successfull birth cycles before I moved and had to turn it down. Also had a pleco in that tank that managed to hit around 16 inches and was impressive to look at. Now I can't get one to live more than a month for some reason.

Picked up a 150 while moving but have neve gotten to the point of setting it up as I want it to be a saltwater but haven't done one before.
 

NutBucket

Lifer
Aug 30, 2000
27,150
635
126
Don't feel bad. Plecos are suppose to be tough as nails yet I can't manage to keep them in my current tank either. I think the Clown Loaches stress them out with their constant harassment.
 

dfuze

Lifer
Feb 15, 2006
11,953
0
71
I've got an Aquatop CF400UV and it works great at keeping my 55 gallon planted tank very clean. Their quality control is lacking in regard to having all the right plastic elbows (return water piping in my case), so Amazon reviews are correct in that assetion.
 

Howard

Lifer
Oct 14, 1999
47,982
11
81
Go with a sponge filter, HOB, or canister. Sponge works great if you willing to upkeep it and have a smaller bio footprint.

There are several great HOB (hang on the back) filter systems out there. Most are fairly quiet, but they all still make some noise. I personally say to get a filter designed for twice your tank size. So for example, a Marineland Emperor 400 is designed for 90g tanks, but I would never use a single one for anything over 45-55 gallons. I have a 55 gallon tank with two of them. Works better this way so you can stagger your cleaning routine for the tank.

Still, my personal experience is to go with a decent canister. They get very pricey depending on what you buy. If you want the best bang for the buck canister I'd personally go with this one here.

http://www.amazon.com/Aquatop-CF500U...ywords=aquatop

I've been using it for about 3 years now with zero problems. You are not going to find a better canister for that price. They work well, are completely silent, and cheap enough to buy two for a decent size tank. That way if one does fail, you don't run into problems with fish dying. There is never any such thing as too much filtration.

Of course, you can always do a DIY "canister" aka the sump method. Basically have a bio filter smaller tank for your bigger tank that contains the fish.

Here's how I've been doing my tanks for a bit. I have a 55 gallon and a 125 gallon. I have 2 of the aquatops on the 125 and 2 of the marineland emperor 400s on the 55 gallon. I would have swapped the HOBs out for more canisters but I've been lazy. I also have an eheim 2217 on a smaller 29 gallon tank.

For filter media in the canisters, I still use the pads that came with it. Every so often I disassemble the canister and "wash" off the media pieces with completely clean distilled water. Here is how I stack my aquatops for filter media.

I purchased a roll of polyfil from walmart for like $3. I cut out a piece to fit my basket in the canister. I put one piece on the very bottom and just toss it when I clean the canister out for maintenance. I have my course "sponge" on top of that in the same basket.

Next basket up I have plastic pot scrubbers. I bought 4 packs of 6 per pack at the dollar store. I stack them sideways and fill up the next basket in the canister up.

Third basket I have some straws I cut up. Again a few packages of smallish diameter straws I bought from the dollar store. Cut them up in to small rings and dump them in the basket. More surface area on those than anything you are going to buy anywhere.

I had bought some zeolite/carbon chips in bulk long ago and use that in the last basket at the top of the canister. I got some pantyhose, filled with the activated carbon/zeolite chips, and put it in the top. I put another bit of that polyfil fiber over that but it's thicker density than what I used in the bottom basket. It's basically a polishing pad. Also fill up the pantyhose outside or you'll get carbon dust all over inside your house.

The media for my canisters was like $10 total that way (not counting the carbon/zeolite). No need for expensive bio balls, or bio rings, or other crap. Those things work, but are just way too expensive.
The Eheim 2217 goes for about the same price but may have more actual flow.

http://www.aquascapingworld.com/threads/eheim-2215-and-2217-facts-and-diy-performance-mods.526/
 

lupi

Lifer
Apr 8, 2001
32,539
260
126
Came home today and the second danio was dead. Seems the tetras ganged up on them and down they went. Since I'm in the beginning of the tank cycle only got 6 total, and with a 4 to 2 advantage they look to have gone with it. Will pick up some new ones in a couple days but get about 4 of them to even out the schooling factor.
 

BoomerD

No Lifer
Feb 26, 2006
66,258
14,675
146
:confused: i'd just quit right now... having a filter is essential for a successful tank

He's actually right...nitrifying bacteria will grow on almost anything in a tank...just not in enough quantity to make a big difference...


Came home today and the second danio was dead. Seems the tetras ganged up on them and down they went. Since I'm in the beginning of the tank cycle only got 6 total, and with a 4 to 2 advantage they look to have gone with it. Will pick up some new ones in a couple days but get about 4 of them to even out the schooling factor.

Since you're just starting the cycle, I'm not surprised that fish are dying. Ammonia is toxic to most fish...as are the nitrites that follow the ammonia.
 

Jodell88

Diamond Member
Jan 29, 2007
8,762
30
91
Came home today and the second danio was dead. Seems the tetras ganged up on them and down they went. Since I'm in the beginning of the tank cycle only got 6 total, and with a 4 to 2 advantage they look to have gone with it. Will pick up some new ones in a couple days but get about 4 of them to even out the schooling factor.
Don't add anymore fish to the tank for the next couple of weeks at least.

The tank is cycling and you'll just be wasting money and fishes' lives by buying more.
 

evident

Lifer
Apr 5, 2005
12,130
749
126
Came home today and the second danio was dead. Seems the tetras ganged up on them and down they went. Since I'm in the beginning of the tank cycle only got 6 total, and with a 4 to 2 advantage they look to have gone with it. Will pick up some new ones in a couple days but get about 4 of them to even out the schooling factor.


unless you don't care about your fish dying or these are intentionally "sacrifice" fish for cycling, you should have done a fishless cycle. takes about a month, but a lot less headache /heartache by the end of the process