Fatigue occurs in metal when it subject over and over again to cycles of stress, such as repeated flexing or vibration. Even if the individual loads are fairly small, they can create microscopic cracks that grow larger over time, ultimately to give way catastrophically. If you've ever bent a paper clip until it breaks, you've witnessed fatigue in action.
"While the analysis of the engine failure is ongoing, it has been identified that the leakage of oil into the HP/IP bearing structure buffer space (and a subsequent oil fire within that area) was central to the engine failure and IP turbine disc liberation event."
The crack in the stub pipe didn't directly cause the disintegration of the engine, but rather led to an oil leak into an internal space within the structure. "We believe that there was an oil leak, and that area is known to have very high temperatures. It must have caught on fire," Attia says. "The extreme heat affected the material properties, and then they let go." Remember, the inside of the engine is filled with many turbine blades moving at incredible velocity; the minute any one of them loses its integrity, it will go flying off like a piece of shrapnel, creating a domino effect of damage.