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A non-religious, non-political philosophical question...

Hayabusa Rider

Admin Emeritus & Elite Member
Which is probably a first for OT 😉

The Nature of Mathematics...

Are equations "real"? In other words, are they discovered or created? If they are created, why do different cultures come up with the same rules of mathematics independently? If they exist, where are they? Are they representative of a object in a "higher" reality that is forever inaccessible? Some of the Greek philosophers argued along these lines.

In either case an equation is not something concrete. How can an abstraction define reality? Equations can predict reality with a degree of precision that seems unreasonable to many. There are systems of mathematics that are independent of physical reality as we understand it and are internally consistent, but there is a "set" (in a very informal sense) of equations, that can predict unobserved effects. This has been seen in Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, where theory correctly predicted a particle or phenomenon. Of course I have my own opinions on these things, but I was wonder what you thought of all this.

Have fun!!
 
Hmmm, maybe cultures interchanging knowledge with other cultures could have a part in seeing to it that many societies have similar mathematical concepts...
 
I vote that mathematics is a discovered phenomenon, and not invented. However, it is difficult to ask a philosophical question and have it be totally divorced from religion. My answer stems from my belief that truth is contained in the mind of God, including mathematics.
 


<< I believe that there is a single mathematical equation that can represent the entire universe. >>



[pi *(3/&) T^5 (Evadman * U) ] * H/T {TeAm $^5 } = Universal Constant
 
This question boggles my mind so often.

I'm a realist when it comes to mathematics, but that's only intuitively. Once I try to go beyond that, I start to wonder if mathematics is really real or just an invention. 😱 It just seems too correct not to be some abstract truth. However, it is hard for a realist to prove something that is abstract. If something lacks in spatio-temproal location, then how can it be explained? How can I know something as an abstract truth with my limited ability as a human being, which depends on perception and causality? 😕
 
I think that mathematics stems from practical uses. For example division comes from a group of 4 guys kills an eagle and want to split up her 16 eggs evenly...Pi comes from someone who wanted to make a circle of death out of rope and needs to know how much hemp he should collect...

Since there are pretty universal needs (e.g. everyone needs to eat or build circles of death), then everyone will eventually come up with the same basic equations.
 
What is "real"?

You ask how an abstraction can define reality. Is reality limited to that which is concrete? I don't think so. The development of abstract thought as humans progress in life allows them to function in a huge variety of circumstances. The fact that "peek-a-boo" is no longer fun illustrates the abstract premise that just because we can't see something or even observe it empirically at the moment doesn't cause this "thing" not to exist. In other words, we learn that our perception does not define reality, but rather, that it is based on reality and our limited ability to sense this reality. Many of us try to talk ourselves out of these fundamental truths.

So back to the question. In abstract thought, I don't think there is a big difference between "discovered" and "created." And to ask me "where the equations are" is like asking me to measure the weight of a golf club with a ruler. They aren't written in the sky or anything, but that doesn't keep them from "existing" in a logical sense. Something can be true without being concrete or observable via the five senses.

Human intuition plays a vital role. A lot of the fundamental abstract truths just "make sense." To a large degree, it's the appeal to common sense. Most abstract ideas have some sort of concrete application, and placing the idea with the concreteness -- the "applicableness" -- allows us to verify with out intuition that the idea is consistent with our experience in the concrete, physical realm.

Actually, I think you're a right-winged fundamentalist trying to force the idea of absolute truth on the rest of us so that we'll elect a republican to the white house again. Perhaps there's some subtle message in here about a non-religious religion. I can't quite place my finger on it... must be too abstract. 😉
 
Hmmm... What is real? To my way of thinking in this context, light is real, blue is not. Now I am not referring to the wavelength of light that corresponds to blue, but blue itself. If everyone were blind, that label could not exist. Blue is a mutually agreed name for what our brains perceive a particular wavelength of light to be as detected by our eyes. But one might say that blue is real, since we all see it the same. Not true. There is evidence to suggest that there is wide variation of how color is seen. What I see as blue, you might see as green if you could see through my eyes. Now this variation does not occur in mathematics ( I am speaking in the context of physics now). Let's take this example. For a body in motion, Final Velocity = Initial velocity + (acceleration)(time). The solution to this equation does not depend on who asks it. If we use the same system of measurements, we will get he same answer every time. In this sense there is indeed an absolute truth. Absolutes seem to make some people nervous, because we have grown used to the idea of relativism. But you know there are constants. C is one of them. Plancks Constant. Another conundrum. ALL electrons are identical to ALL other electrons. This led to an idea that was abandoned some time ago that there is only 1 electron, but it moving backwards and forwards in time and we therefore believe there are many electrons. There are reasons that I won't go into that pretty much shoots that hypothesis down, but regardless, an electron is an electron is an electron. It is invariant. Like the equation. Which brings me back to my origional question. Is mathmetics "real" in the sense of a physical constant, or is it "real" in the sense of the color blue. Or something else entirely. (PS I know the answer to this, but I intend to publish it posthumously, making vague references to a proof I wrote in the margins of a paper I put somewhere 😉 )
 
The Nature of Mathematics...

Are equations "real"?


Only if I'm real. The sufficient proposition "I exist" enables the formulation of various rules stemming from a system of knowledge acquisition. That is, a system of mathematics and associated equations enable a symbolic grasp of our existence and phenomenology.


In other words, are they discovered or created?


Why stop there? We can add on a bunch more disjunctions or not limit ourselves to a dualistic system at all or... 🙂.


If they are created, why do different cultures come up with the same rules of mathematics independently?


In this case, one could posit the universality of a species discovering a certain repeatable occurence contingent upon the sufficient social advances of the group.

If they exist, where are they?

Your guess is as good as anyone else's. I have trouble with the whole notion that I'm not really real so I'll worry about that for awhile instead of mathematics.

Are they representative of a object in a "higher" reality that is forever inaccessible? Some of the Greek philosophers argued along these lines.

One cannot place relative valuations on a supposedly absolute order. That is, by assuming a higher realm, one perhaps more pure, we judge in human terms. If mathematics do represent something else, a different reality, then I don't see how it would be inaccessible forever. I question the motivation for your words.

In either case an equation is not something concrete. How can an abstraction define reality?

There we are. Upon recognizing that reality is a pretty good illusion, people often go about understanding just what the illusion is. To do that, systems are needed of order and classification. Classification usually brings about systematization and modeling of experiential truths. This in turns leads to inferential conclusions about system interrealtions and leads to basic relationships being formed between objects, thus forming abstractions or a self-imposed system that is used to manipulate the environment.

Equations can predict reality with a degree of precision that seems unreasonable to many. There are systems of mathematics that are independent of physical reality as we understand it and are internally consistent, but there is a "set" (in a very informal sense) of equations, that can predict unobserved effects. This has been seen in Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, where theory correctly predicted a particle or phenomenon. Of course I have my own opinions on these things, but I was wonder what you thought of all this.

A theory can model observable reality pretty well. It can formulate the future based on empirical evidence and pattern matching. But this is still only an approximation. The real experience must be total.

you can't really be sure of anything...

I question that. Alot of liberals assert these things and follow up with "live and let live". It seems to me that an attitude that we know nothing is just as faulty as some sort of absolutism. We can know something about the reality in which we live. There may be something higher and better but I'm stuck here and I have trouble finding socks to wear in the morning, let alone contemplate what this glorious sort of thing that I am unsure about is. The thing is, even though Sokrates' and all that are sure pithy, I still gotta live with myself and with others. I do know that. And I'm sure of that. Whether it fails on some higher abstract level of purity doesn't matter. I still gotta live here. And as long as I choose to do that, I might as well have a go at what a good sort of life is.

Cheers ! 🙂
 
"Only if I'm real. The sufficient proposition "I exist" enables the formulation of various rules stemming from a system of knowledge acquisition. That is, a system of mathematics and associated equations enable a symbolic grasp of our existence and phenomenology."

I'm sorry, Linux Boy, but I'm quite disturbed that you are dismissing the anti-realists' case and challenges to realism. How can you make the analogy of one's physical existence to mathematical objects which are some set of abstract objects?

How can you prove that abstract objects exist? Can you show it? How about objects like the equator that neither possess absolute qualities of abstract nor concrete objects?

If you have the absolute answer, then I anxiously await your thesis!

I don't think you do justice so far when you fail to justify your comparison of man's physical existence and the existence of mathematical objects. I admit that empirical sciences depend upon our sensory faculties, which for all we know might be decieving us. Granted at human level, we can prove things using our sensory faculties. However, mathematics depends upon rationalism/a priori knowledge. At human level, we can only verify that which is applicable to the sciences, which can be examined by experiment and use of the senses. But once we go past the argument of the indispensability of mathematics in the science and venture into pure mathematics, then you are stuck. What case have you for pure mathematics which operates so differently from applied mathematics? Pure mathematics cannot be applied as applied and computational mathematics can. That of course disregards the problem with the argument of the indispensability of mathematics in the sciences in the first place.

Additionally, for those arguing about how easy it is to see that mathematical objects are abstract objects and abstract truth, well, what have you to say about the revisability of mathematical axioms and how they can be disposed of after ages of mathematicians accepting it. A reasonable example is the Euclidean geometry whcih was later modified/reversed.

How do you explain the debate amongst mathematicians over the use of the axiom of choice?

Perhaps I have misunderstood you. If I have, then please do not hesitate to elaborate. Thanks! 😉 🙂
 
Hello Linuxboy
See what happens when you are bored? Threads like can pop up seemingly at random.
In response to you points...

Are equations "real"?

Only if I'm real. The sufficient proposition "I exist" enables the formulation of various rules stemming from a system of knowledge acquisition. That is, a system of mathematics and associated equations enable a symbolic grasp of our existence and phenomenology


>Let me state some things that I will declare as axiomatic.

We exist.
We are creatures that use symbolism to describe observed reality.

This is not trivial. We need to agree on these points for meaningful discussion to take place. If not then we can fall from discussion to argument in a manner like this.

"I exist therefore I am"
Oh yeah? Well how do you know you think you are?

At this stage, we take our respective ball and glove and go home.
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In other words, are they discovered or created?

Why stop there? We can add on a bunch more disjunctions or not limit ourselves to a dualistic system at all or...


> The why is that the general discussion on this subject gives these two choices. You are correct in saying there are more possibilities, but unless you have the correct one, we ought to limit ourselves somewhere. After all for FULL debate you would have to list all the choices, and that could take quite awhile and the salt would have lost it's savor.

___________________________________________________________

If they are created, why do different cultures come up with the same rules of mathematics independently?

In this case, one could posit the universality of a species discovering a certain repeatable occurence contingent upon the sufficient social advances of the group.

>True, but in years past communication between societies was limited, if it occured at all. So why do isolated groups come up with the same systems, albeit using different symbols. Perhaps it is due to the common neurological structure we share?


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If they exist, where are they?

Your guess is as good as anyone else's. I have trouble with the whole notion that I'm not really real so I'll worry about that for awhile instead of mathematics.

>I feel the same way 😀 But there are times when I am less self absorbed, so I let my intellectual curiosity stray beyond the hows and whys of my personal existence.
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Are they representative of a object in a "higher" reality that is forever inaccessible? Some of the Greek philosophers argued along these lines.

One cannot place relative valuations on a supposedly absolute order. That is, by assuming a higher realm, one perhaps more pure, we judge in human terms. If mathematics do represent something else, a different reality, then I don't see how it would be inaccessible forever. I question the motivation for your words.

>My words echo the thoughts of those Greek philsophers. Granted that this statement could be seen as rhetorical, but the geometers of old took this seriously. I do not mean that I do. Though I might. Here is something to consider. For arguments sake I posit an elementary particle that does not feel gravity, electromagnetism, the weak force, or the strong force. Is such a particle impossible? You cannot say that. What is its nature? Well you would have to observe it. How? It doesn't interact with any of the 4 fundamental forces that "normal" matter. Now you cannot detect, observe, measure this H-particle as I shall name it. Does that mean it doesn't exist? Well it may or may not. It is forever inaccessable. It would be as irrevelant a thing as I can imagine, but that does not affect its personal reality. Mathematical concepts could (emphesis on could) exist in an analogous manner. Yes I know it is futile to debate this as it is forever unknowable, IF were but trying to determine definitively the answer to this age old question here, but the discussion of the thing is the point. Likewise my statement. My motivation is to illicit a response, which I have. Discourse has its own rewards.
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In either case an equation is not something concrete. How can an abstraction define reality?

There we are. Upon recognizing that reality is a pretty good illusion, people often go about understanding just what the illusion is. To do that, systems are needed of order and classification. Classification usually brings about systematization and modeling of experiential truths. This in turns leads to inferential conclusions about system interrealtions and leads to basic relationships being formed between objects, thus forming abstractions or a self-imposed system that is used to manipulate the environment

>If reality is an illusion, what is the reality behind that principle? We could get into what I call the Russian Doll syndrome. The illusion of one level is merely representitive of the reality of the next higher one. Of course that reality would be the illusion of a still higher plane. For a given reality then, I agree with your statement as it defines what an abstraction is useful for, but that leads to the question of HOW that happens. I am now too tired to consider the answer to that question. 😉

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Equations can predict reality with a degree of precision that seems unreasonable to many. There are systems of mathematics that are independent of physical reality as we understand it and are internally consistent, but there is a "set" (in a very informal sense) of equations, that can predict unobserved effects. This has been seen in Quantum Mechanics and Relativity, where theory correctly predicted a particle or phenomenon. Of course I have my own opinions on these things, but I was wonder what you thought of all this.

A theory can model observable reality pretty well. It can formulate the future based on empirical evidence and pattern matching. But this is still only an approximation. The real experience must be total.


>Agreed
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you can't really be sure of anything...

I question that. Alot of liberals assert these things and follow up with "live and let live". It seems to me that an attitude that we know nothing is just as faulty as some sort of absolutism. We can know something about the reality in which we live. There may be something higher and better but I'm stuck here and I have trouble finding socks to wear in the morning, let alone contemplate what this glorious sort of thing that I am unsure about is. The thing is, even though Sokrates' and all that are sure pithy, I still gotta live with myself and with others. I do know that. And I'm sure of that. Whether it fails on some higher abstract level of purity doesn't matter. I still gotta live here. And as long as I choose to do that, I might as well have a go at what a good sort of life is.

>Define your personal absolutes. You define yourself. NO ONE knows what goes on inside of you. Decide what is good and right. You might disagree with me, but if you have no moral center and a sense of self, you will flounder. Be sure of yourself, and you will be much happier.

Know what the correct answer to "Why" is? "Because". My 3 year old knows this. Eventually everything comes down not to what you know, but what you believe. Linuxboy, myself and others can come here and discuss the most abtruse things, but we all know (or ought to know) that the development of the individual comes not by finding the answer to the questions, but by the asking and debating. In the end, we say what we believe, and I am sure of that. Do keep an open mind, but not so much so that your brain falls out.





 
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