A liberals idea of what the tax code should be.

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Ornery

Lifer
Oct 9, 1999
20,022
17
81
...equitable tax policies.
  • Business Taxes

    No deductions will be allowed. None. Nada. Zero.
Equitable tax policies? Yeah, whatever you say.
rolleye.gif
 

Bowfinger

Lifer
Nov 17, 2002
15,776
392
126
Originally posted by: Ornery
...equitable tax policies.
  • Business Taxes

    No deductions will be allowed. None. Nada. Zero.
Equitable tax policies? Yeah, whatever you say.
rolleye.gif
If you would rise above your partisan fog for a moment, you will see I am addressing your attack on Democrats, not YellowRose's idea. I do not agree with YellowRose's proposal. Your response smearing all Democrats as "CLUELESS" was in itself a clueless partisan attack.
 

Ornery

Lifer
Oct 9, 1999
20,022
17
81
You can't deny that the main plank in the Dem's platform is soaking the rich. That's their mantra, and their prime voter recruitment method. Doesn't matter if it's cutting off your nose to spite your face, by killing new businesses & jobs, or completely retarded, like the premise of this topic. As long as we 'sock it to the rich', that's all that matters. Hell, we can have as many social programs as your heart desires, and won't cost us a penny, because we'll just get 'the rich' to pay for it! How can a party lose, who makes promises like that? :confused:
 

charrison

Lifer
Oct 13, 1999
17,033
1
81
Originally posted by: YellowRose
Being a gun toting liberal democrat here is my idea for a new tax code.

Ind. Income Taxes

No deductions will be allowed. None. Nada. Zero.

income *********************** taxrate
0-50,000 *********************** 2%
50,001-100,000 ***************** 5%
100,001-225,000 ***************10%
225,001 and above ************* 20%

Business Taxes

No deductions will be allowed. None. Nada. Zero.

gross revenue ************** Tax Rate This also includes any overseas revenue.
0 to 1 million *************** 18%
$1,000,001 and above ******* 35%

You call yourself liberal? Those would be huge tax cuts for everyone.
Business taxes could be too high, but at least they would be simple.

OUr tax code should not be more complex than what you have described.
 

Bowfinger

Lifer
Nov 17, 2002
15,776
392
126
Originally posted by: Ornery
You can't deny that the main plank in the Dem's platform is soaking the rich.
Yes, in fact, I can deny it, and you're changing the subject in any case. The issue is your clueless partisan claim that Democrats are "CLUELESS".


That's their mantra, and their prime voter recruitment method. Doesn't matter if it's cutting off your nose to spite your face, by killing new businesses & jobs, or completely retarded, like the premise of this topic. As long as we 'sock it to the rich', that's all that matters. Hell, we can have as many social programs as your heart desires, and won't cost us a penny, because we'll just get 'the rich' to pay for it! How can a party lose, who makes promises like that? :confused:
Oh, no! The sky is falling. Typical cry of the right whenever someone suggests the wealthy should contribute a little more to America.
 

biostud

Lifer
Feb 27, 2003
20,140
7,256
136
What's the big problem takeing some money from the rich?
I mean if you own 1 Billion $ or 800$ million shouldn't influence you dail rutines much, but it could help building better schools.
 

bozack

Diamond Member
Jan 14, 2000
7,913
12
81
Originally posted by: chess9
Dissipate:

Class divisions exist because of cultural differences, of which income is only a fractional part. I have friends who are much richer than me and much poorer than me because our friendships are based upon non-economic issues. Class divisions will always exist at some level, regardless of the structure of our tax code. This "class warfare" nonsense is always trotted out by the neocons and Libertarians as some sort of ugly banner against our current tax code. What rubbish.

Anyway, the problem with that tax code is I'd be paying less taxes, which means the government would have a lot less money. People earning above $50,000 per year need to pay a lot more, I'm afraid.
-Robert

As someone who makes just a little over 50K I can honestly say if I had to pay any more in taxes I couldn't even remotely consider home ownership here in Massachusetts, my wife and I combined just barely make enough to cover an entry level place here that is somewhat near work/the city...I know in massachusetts, if people making 50K and up are taxed any higher you would see a mass migration out of the state or a large number of people in poverty.
 

DZip

Senior member
Apr 11, 2000
375
0
0
YellowRose, where did you get this information? I would like to see how they get more back than they pay in. Sound like a very good liberal idea.
 

XZeroII

Lifer
Jun 30, 2001
12,572
0
0
Originally posted by: Shad0hawK
Originally posted by: YellowRose
Don't know if its enough to pay for everything but its a whole lot better then what we have now. At least everyone is paying in. Wachovia paid zero taxes on 4 billion in profits an in fact they got a refund in excess of 100 million dollars to boot. Guess who has to make up for that shortfall. You and me.

actually i did not, i got back more money thx to bush's tax cut ,which i then spent along with others and contributed to the economic recovery teh dems try so hard to disguise.

when through taxes or whatever expense it becomes more expensive for a busines/service provider to operate does that mean the business is paying more of it's "fair share"?

if you said "yes" you are wrong. cost of operation/production is ALWAYS passed to the CONSUMER.

for example:

if kerry wins and gets his gas tax increase, who pays it? WE DO but not just at the pump! t creates a chain.

wherever you buy groceries the increased cost of tranpsortation will make goods more expensive for the farmer to produce who offsets the cost by increasing prices which is passed on the wholsaler, who buys and distributes the food who offsets the cost by increasing prices to the grocer to buys the food from the wholsaler who offsets the cost by increasing prices to the CONSUMER...ever the last one in every chain!

when you tax businesses you in reality tax yourself. you just feel better about it! ;)

OMG! Someone with a CLUE! This is remarkable. This guy should get a medal or something.
 

XZeroII

Lifer
Jun 30, 2001
12,572
0
0
Originally posted by: Bowfinger
Originally posted by: Shad0hawK
Originally posted by: YellowRose
Don't know if its enough to pay for everything but its a whole lot better then what we have now. At least everyone is paying in. Wachovia paid zero taxes on 4 billion in profits an in fact they got a refund in excess of 100 million dollars to boot. Guess who has to make up for that shortfall. You and me.
actually i did not, i got back more money thx to bush's tax cut ,which i then spent along with others and contributed to the economic recovery teh dems try so hard to disguise.
Actually, you did, or rather you will. That $100 million refund was added to the deficit along with the hundreds of millions more Wachovia did not pay on its profits. While you did not pay for 2003 corporate welfare yet, part of the income tax you did pay was applied to past years' corporate welfare and the interest it adds to the national debt.

When someone doesn't pay their share of taxes, other taxpayers pick up the slack. That's just the way it is.


when through taxes or whatever expense it becomes more expensive for a busines/service provider to operate does that mean the business is paying more of it's "fair share"?

if you said "yes" you are wrong. cost of operation/production is ALWAYS passed to the CONSUMER.
Income taxes are NOT a cost of operation or production. They are a tax on PROFITS. You continue to misunderstand this critical difference.

Profits are returned to a company's owners/investors. Income taxes reduce the amount of profits returned. In a free market, business income taxes do NOT affect the price of goods.

Prudent business owners always price their wares to return the greatest profit for the business. Owners may choose to raise prices so they can draw more profits. They have to do so carefully, however, because this can make their product prices uncompetitive. Owners may choose to lower prices to increase sales, believing they will profit more by selling more widgets at a lower, per-widget profit. Either way, the selling price is set to maximize profits. Income tax comes after the fact.

Businesses will always set their prices as high as necessary to generate the greatest profit. This is true whether their income tax rate is 0% or 10% or 90%. Income tax doesn't affect product prices. It only affects how much profit the investors receive.


[ ... ]when you tax businesses you in reality tax yourself. you just feel better about it! ;)
Not necessarily. When you assess income taxes on a business, you tax its owners.

You have no idea how the world works. Taxes are liabilities to companies. This means that they are a drain on the company. If liabilities go up, then profits go down. When profits go down, the company looks for ways to raise them again. They see that their taxes have gone up, so to compensate they raise the price of their products. It happens constantly. It's been proven. Taxes take money away from the company, so they compensate by raising prices.

Think of it this way, imagine a gas station. They sell gas for $1.50 per gallon. Now the gov't raises taxes on gas by $.20 per gallon. Is that gas station going to just eat that cost? Heck no! They are going to raise their price to $1.70 per gallon. They aren't going to lose profit simply because the gov't wants more money. The same theory applies to corporate taxes.
 

glenn1

Lifer
Sep 6, 2000
25,383
1,013
126
Wachovia paid zero taxes on 4 billion in profits an in fact they got a refund in excess of 100 million dollars to boot. Guess who has to make up for that shortfall. You and me.

Bullsh!t. Wachovia paid $1,833,000,000.00 in income taxes for 2003. That's almost 2 BILLION dollars. That's up from $1,088,000,000.00 in 2002. There was a change in accounting principle during FY03 which resulted in a $17MM addition to reported income, but that was NET of income taxes. Feel free to check yourself on the Wachovia Corp. 2003 annual report/Edgar 10K filing, link below:

Wachovia 2003 annual report (pg. 81 has the relevant data)

Jeez, there's nothing I hate more than someone who lies about something so very easily verified....
 

Bowfinger

Lifer
Nov 17, 2002
15,776
392
126
Originally posted by: XZeroII
Originally posted by: Bowfinger
Originally posted by: Shad0hawK
Originally posted by: YellowRose
Don't know if its enough to pay for everything but its a whole lot better then what we have now. At least everyone is paying in. Wachovia paid zero taxes on 4 billion in profits an in fact they got a refund in excess of 100 million dollars to boot. Guess who has to make up for that shortfall. You and me.
actually i did not, i got back more money thx to bush's tax cut ,which i then spent along with others and contributed to the economic recovery teh dems try so hard to disguise.
Actually, you did, or rather you will. That $100 million refund was added to the deficit along with the hundreds of millions more Wachovia did not pay on its profits. While you did not pay for 2003 corporate welfare yet, part of the income tax you did pay was applied to past years' corporate welfare and the interest it adds to the national debt.

When someone doesn't pay their share of taxes, other taxpayers pick up the slack. That's just the way it is.


when through taxes or whatever expense it becomes more expensive for a busines/service provider to operate does that mean the business is paying more of it's "fair share"?

if you said "yes" you are wrong. cost of operation/production is ALWAYS passed to the CONSUMER.
Income taxes are NOT a cost of operation or production. They are a tax on PROFITS. You continue to misunderstand this critical difference.

Profits are returned to a company's owners/investors. Income taxes reduce the amount of profits returned. In a free market, business income taxes do NOT affect the price of goods.

Prudent business owners always price their wares to return the greatest profit for the business. Owners may choose to raise prices so they can draw more profits. They have to do so carefully, however, because this can make their product prices uncompetitive. Owners may choose to lower prices to increase sales, believing they will profit more by selling more widgets at a lower, per-widget profit. Either way, the selling price is set to maximize profits. Income tax comes after the fact.

Businesses will always set their prices as high as necessary to generate the greatest profit. This is true whether their income tax rate is 0% or 10% or 90%. Income tax doesn't affect product prices. It only affects how much profit the investors receive.


[ ... ]when you tax businesses you in reality tax yourself. you just feel better about it! ;)
Not necessarily. When you assess income taxes on a business, you tax its owners.
You have no idea how the world works.
Sorry, son, but that honor seems to belong to you.


Taxes are liabilities to companies. This means that they are a drain on the company. If liabilities go up, then profits go down. When profits go down, the company looks for ways to raise them again. They see that their taxes have gone up, so to compensate they raise the price of their products. It happens constantly. It's been proven. Taxes take money away from the company, so they compensate by raising prices.

Think of it this way, imagine a gas station. They sell gas for $1.50 per gallon. Now the gov't raises taxes on gas by $.20 per gallon. Is that gas station going to just eat that cost? Heck no! They are going to raise their price to $1.70 per gallon. They aren't going to lose profit simply because the gov't wants more money. The same theory applies to corporate taxes.
You continue to confuse income taxes which are levied against profits with other kinds of taxes which truly do add to product costs (e.g., your gasoline tax, VAT) or operating costs (e.g., property tax, payroll taxes). They are NOT the same.

Competent companies will always set the price as high as they can to generate maximize profits. Income taxes are assessed on those profits. There is no reason any rational company would lower prices because of a drop in income taxes since that would mean they were intentionally reducing their profits.
 

Bowfinger

Lifer
Nov 17, 2002
15,776
392
126
Originally posted by: glenn1
Bullsh!t. Wachovia paid $1,833,000,000.00 in income taxes for 2003. That's almost 2 BILLION dollars. That's up from $1,088,000,000.00 in 2002. There was a change in accounting principle during FY03 which resulted in a $17MM addition to reported income, but that was NET of income taxes. Feel free to check yourself on the Wachovia Corp. 2003 annual report/Edgar 10K filing, link below:

Wachovia 2003 annual report (pg. 80 has the relevant data)

Jeez, there's nothing I hate more than someone who lies about something so very easily verified....
I believe the Wahovia example is several years old. It is one of many cited examples of multi-billion dollar companies paying a pittance in taxes, or even, as in the Wachovia case, receiving money (effectively, a negative tax) thanks to special targeted credits, loopholes, etc. Believe it or not, it is true.
 

Officerdown

Senior member
Oct 10, 2002
253
0
0
Originally posted by: YellowRose
Being a gun toting liberal democrat here is my idea for a new tax code.

Ind. Income Taxes

No deductions will be allowed. None. Nada. Zero.

income *********************** taxrate
0-50,000 *********************** 2%
50,001-100,000 ***************** 5%
100,001-225,000 ***************10%
225,001 and above ************* 20%

Business Taxes

No deductions will be allowed. None. Nada. Zero.

gross revenue ************** Tax Rate This also includes any overseas revenue.
0 to 1 million *************** 18%
$1,000,001 and above ******* 35%

YellowRose,
A gun toting liberal democrat. Thank you. The good ol' fashioned liberal. Maybe there still are a few good liberals left.

Anyway, I think the Capital Gain tax should be lowered a bit.
 

glenn1

Lifer
Sep 6, 2000
25,383
1,013
126
I beleive the Wahovia example is several years old. It is one of many cited examples of multi-billion dollar companies paying a pittance in taxes, or even, as in the Wachovia case, receiving money (effectively, a negative tax) thanks to special targeted credits, loopholes, etc. Believe it or not, it is true.

So I'm to assume your assertion is correct since otherwise it harms the premise for your overall POV? Your compatriots in worldview are using that as an example to bash corporations, for example:

We have their fellow "Band of Thieves" in here supporting them tooth and nail because they profit from the Thugs profitting at our expense.

You stand up and put those spewing this kind of rhetoric into their place, and I'll let your assertion go without support as just an anecdote. Otherwise, I'm going to "0wn3d" your assertions each time with actual evidence.

 

Bowfinger

Lifer
Nov 17, 2002
15,776
392
126
Originally posted by: glenn1
I beleive the Wahovia example is several years old. It is one of many cited examples of multi-billion dollar companies paying a pittance in taxes, or even, as in the Wachovia case, receiving money (effectively, a negative tax) thanks to special targeted credits, loopholes, etc. Believe it or not, it is true.

So I'm to assume your assertion is correct since otherwise it harms the premise for your overall POV? Your compatriots in worldview are using that as an example to bash corporations, for example:

We have their fellow "Band of Thieves" in here supporting them tooth and nail because they profit from the Thugs profitting at our expense.

You stand up and put those spewing this kind of rhetoric into their place, and I'll let your assertion go without support as just an anecdote. Otherwise, I'm going to "0wn3d" your assertions each time with actual evidence.
Whatever. When I see you attacking some of the people on the right who are equally over-passionate, I may start worrying about it. Until then, I've seen no shortage of people eager to jump on Dave with their own over-the-top assaults. There's no need for me to pile on too.

The facts are plain and simple for anyone who cares: our tax system is a screwed up disaster. Many companies manipulate it most effectively to avoid paying their fair share of taxes. To deny this by burying one's head in the sand only encourages continued abuses.

Re. your evidence, it is meaningless. You cannot prove it didn't rain yesterday by showing it's not raining today. The Wachovia example has been cited many times by many sources, most recently by PBS's Front Line IIRC. If you really care about the truth, my guess is it would take you about five minutes to find it. If all you care about is attacking truth to support your preconceived notions, carry on.
 

Dissipate

Diamond Member
Jan 17, 2004
6,815
0
0
Originally posted by: chess9
Dissipate:

Class divisions exist because of cultural differences, of which income is only a fractional part. I have friends who are much richer than me and much poorer than me because our friendships are based upon non-economic issues. Class divisions will always exist at some level, regardless of the structure of our tax code. This "class warfare" nonsense is always trotted out by the neocons and Libertarians as some sort of ugly banner against our current tax code. What rubbish.

Anyway, the problem with that tax code is I'd be paying less taxes, which means the government would have a lot less money. People earning above $50,000 per year need to pay a lot more, I'm afraid.
-Robert

The government creates classes in society: the providers of public goods and the consumers of public goods. This is terrible for democracy, in fact democracy cannot be claimed under this system because the burden of democracy and the cost of government lies squarely on the shoulders of the providers. As it is now, the upper half of the population pays almost all the tax revenue, yet everyone gets the same vote at the polls. This is not democracy, this is a pseudo-democracy, or an illusion of democracy if you will.
 

ElFenix

Elite Member
Super Moderator
Mar 20, 2000
102,407
8,595
126
Originally posted by: Dissipate

The government creates classes in society: the providers of public goods and the consumers of public goods. This is terrible for democracy, in fact democracy cannot be claimed under this system because the burden of democracy and the cost of government lies squarely on the shoulders of the providers. As it is now, the upper half of the population pays almost all the tax revenue, yet everyone gets the same vote at the polls. This is not democracy, this is a pseudo-democracy, or an illusion of democracy if you will.

:confused:


are you sure you aren't thinking of a republic?
 

Shad0hawK

Banned
May 26, 2003
1,456
0
0
Originally posted by: Bowfinger

Profits are returned to a company's owners/investors. Income taxes reduce the amount of profits returned. In a free market, business income taxes do NOT affect the price of goods.

ROFL!! actually they DO. first off you mistaking cost of operation for cost of production, they are not the same, cost of production is but a PART of cost of operation. a corporation is in itself an entity much like an individual is an like an individual, highr taxes mean that corp. has less money to spend for materiels, raises and benefits for employees, re-investment...etc.

Originally posted by: Bowfinger
Prudent business owners always price their wares to return the greatest profit for the business. Owners may choose to raise prices so they can draw more profits. They have to do so carefully, however, because this can make their product prices uncompetitive. Owners may choose to lower prices to increase sales, believing they will profit more by selling more widgets at a lower, per-widget profit. Either way, the selling price is set to maximize profits. Income tax comes after the fact.

and if a business or corporation is already operating at a low profit margin(as a good many are) ,sacrifices must be made to absorb the new expense of a higher tax. these sacrifices are moving to another place where it is not so expensive to operate, use cheaper/lower quality materiels, cut benefits/salaries to workers or lay off workers. you are wanting the proverbial free lunch...and it does not exist.

Originally posted by: Bowfinger
Businesses will always set their prices as high as necessary to generate the greatest profit. This is true whether their income tax rate is 0% or 10% or 90%. Income tax doesn't affect product prices. It only affects how much profit the investors receive.

and when they set those prices due to cost of operation that burden is carried by the consumer. the last in line of the burden chain who supports the weight of it but the first(actually, ultimately only one) in line at the revenue generation chain!


Originally posted by: Bowfinger
Not necessarily. When you assess income taxes on a business, you tax its owners.

who pass that cost to the consumer just as any other expense, many times with no choice, because anything that increases cost of operation results that must be offset in some way as i previously outlined.


 

Dissipate

Diamond Member
Jan 17, 2004
6,815
0
0
Originally posted by: ElFenix
Originally posted by: Dissipate

The government creates classes in society: the providers of public goods and the consumers of public goods. This is terrible for democracy, in fact democracy cannot be claimed under this system because the burden of democracy and the cost of government lies squarely on the shoulders of the providers. As it is now, the upper half of the population pays almost all the tax revenue, yet everyone gets the same vote at the polls. This is not democracy, this is a pseudo-democracy, or an illusion of democracy if you will.

:confused:


are you sure you aren't thinking of a republic?

A republic is simply a country that does not have a monarchy, so no. I'm thinking of a democracy.

 

chess9

Elite member
Apr 15, 2000
7,748
0
0
Dissipate:

That sounds a lot like 1917 political theory. :)

We are in a completely new era in large part because of the advent of all the new communications devices. The impact of government on culture has been "softened" considerably. My son just graduated from college with a poli sci degree and he told me. :)

-Robert
 

Dissipate

Diamond Member
Jan 17, 2004
6,815
0
0
Originally posted by: chess9
Dissipate:

That sounds a lot like 1917 political theory. :)

We are in a completely new era in large part because of the advent of all the new communications devices. The impact of government on culture has been "softened" considerably. My son just graduated from college with a poli sci degree and he told me. :)

-Robert

Its not a theory, its a fact. Millions of voters go to the polls and literally vote themselves benefits, benefits which they do not pay for but in fact many cases they receive. Teachers unions do it for pay raises, old people do it for more SS and drug benefits, corporations which have government contracts do it indirectly through campaign contributions, the list just goes on and on and on. This is no democracy in any real sense of the word. Your son may have been taught that we live in a democracy, and this is true in a technical and theoretical sense, but in reality it is far from true because of the very nature of the tax code and the fact that the government passes judgment on citizens, handing out benefits (social security) and penalties (sin taxes, progressive taxation, conscription), based on government's narrow and often ludicrous idea on what a particular citizen's role in society is (or what government thinks that citizen's role ought to be).

One of my econ textbooks touches on this problem:

Public-sector organization can break the individual consumption-payment link.
In the market, a consumer who wants a commodity must pay the price. In this respect, market and collective action differ in a fundamental way. The government usually does not establish a one-to-one relationship between the individual's payment and receipt of a good. Some individuals receive very large benefits from a government action without any significant impact on their personal tax bill. Others pay substantial taxes while receiving much smaller benefits. In contrast with the market, the amount one pays does not determine the amount one receives in the public sector.

From Microeconomics: Private and Public Choice page 119 Paragraph 3.

I guess you could call this one of the fundamental problems with democracy, or in my opinion as long as this condition exists we live in a pseudo-democracy. Not only because the one-to-one relationship between an individual's payment and receipt of good is broken, but also because this type of democracy causes major distortions and corrupt practices in the political arena. Politicians are literally bought, lock, stock and barrel.

Impact of government on culture is irrelevant, government is still overwhelming in size which inevitably leads to a large impact on our financial lives(especially the enormous tax code which costs .15 cents for every dollar raised just to process) and many other aspects.
I don't know what the advent of communications technology has to do with anything but I can tell you that 15% of the working population is in a government job, I don't care how you cut it, that is without a doubt going to have a significant impact on everyone's lives. Those people (a significant portion of the population) are directly involved with bureaucracy and many of them force us to be involved with their bureaucracies, the DMV and the Social Security Administration just to name a couple.
 

Shad0hawK

Banned
May 26, 2003
1,456
0
0
a "pure" democracy has direct rule by the people without representation.

a republic is a nation where the will of the people is expressed through elected represenatives.

 

Shad0hawK

Banned
May 26, 2003
1,456
0
0
Originally posted by: chess9
Dissipate:

That sounds a lot like 1917 political theory. :)

We are in a completely new era in large part because of the advent of all the new communications devices. The impact of government on culture has been "softened" considerably. My son just graduated from college with a poli sci degree and he told me. :)

-Robert


actually the impact of government on culture is getting more profound BECAUSE of the expansion of communications. particularly when said communications are in fact in many ways controlled BY the government to varying degrees in different nations, including this one, though not to the extent as in other countries(not yet anyway).

what softens the impact of government on our culture in this country(as far as communications are involved particularly) has been the same thing for over 200 years, it is called the first amendment. overall the constitution was written as a limitation on what the government can do...many people have forgotten this.

without the first amendment protecting WHAT is said, HOW it is said is irrelevant.



 

Dissipate

Diamond Member
Jan 17, 2004
6,815
0
0
Originally posted by: Shad0hawK
a "pure" democracy has direct rule by the people without representation.

a republic is a nation where the will of the people is expressed through elected represenatives.

I don't see how this is relevant to what I posted. I wasn't talking about a "pure" democracy, I was talking about a representative democracy which is what we have today. However, this democracy is distorted by government's propensity to dole out benefits and penalties to particular groups it has classified through various methods and bureaucracies. For some reason, you and others are getting mighty confused and wrapped up about republics and democracies. As I have said time and time again the primary definition of a republic is a nation whose head of state is not a monarch.

re·pub·lic ( P ) Pronunciation Key (r-pblk)
n.
1.

a. A political order whose head of state is not a monarch and in modern times is usually a president.
b. A nation that has such a political order.

2.

a. A political order in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them.

b. A nation that has such a political order.

often Republic A specific republican government of a nation: the Fourth Republic of France.
An autonomous or partially autonomous political and territorial unit belonging to a sovereign federation.
A group of people working as equals in the same sphere or field: the republic of letters.

So, if you want to talk about a system of government in which people vote to elect representatives you could use republic, but if you do your statements will be much less clear because of its multiple definitions, with its primary definition simply being a nation that does not have a king or queen as head of state which could mean a democracy or not. Therefore, it is much better to be specific and simply say democracy.

Also, let's take note of some fundamental differences between the secondary definition of a republic and the definition of democracy:

de·moc·ra·cy ( P ) Pronunciation Key (d-mkr-s)
n. pl. de·moc·ra·cies
1. Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives.

2. A political or social unit that has such a government.

3. The common people, considered as the primary source of political power.

4. Majority rule.

5. The principles of social equality and respect for the individual within a community.

Ok, now a secondary definition of a republic is: "A political order in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who are entitled to vote for officers and representatives responsible to them. " This is quite different than the definitions of a democracy. Notice, the supreme power lies in a body of citizens. It doesn't really say what that body of citizens is, it could be a small body, a large body, a majority or a minority. A democracy is " Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representatives." By the people implies that citizens as a whole are allowed to vote, then another definition is "The common people, considered as the primary source of political power." This is a lot more descriptive of our current democracy, because now it has directly said: "The common people", not a "body of citizens". When only white males with a large amount of land were the only ones able to vote then we did have a republic of the secondary definition, but this has obviously changed to the "common man" and thus, to a representative democracy. In these descriptions I have precluded the idea that I discussed earlier about the current psuedo-democracy, however.

Therefore, today it is not entirely accurate to label the U.S. as being a republic of the secondary definition. We may use the primary definition but this is basically irrelevant, because the fact that the U.S. does not have a monarchy is not profound. If you use the primary definition of a republic then the U.S. is both a republic and a democracy.

I really hope this ends all this confusion about republics and democracies once and for all.