?Congress raised interest rates on the popular Stafford loans to a fixed 6.8%, even if commercial rates are lower, and cut subsidies to lenders. Other affected programs include Medicaid and pension insurance.
Though it isn't the first time the federal government has made cuts in student-aid programs, it is the largest single cut in dollar terms, and it follows years of increased federal support for these programs.
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The changes come at a time when families have been struggling with skyrocketing tuition bills. After adjusting for inflation, private-college tuition and fees have increased 37% over the past decade, while public tuition has risen 54%. Today, most college students borrow money to pay for college. Two-thirds of undergraduates graduate with debt; among graduating seniors, the average debt load is $19,202, according to an analysis of data from the Department of Education's National Postsecondary Student Aid Study. That doesn't include any debt that their parents might incur.
Here is how the bill will affect two of the most popular student-loan programs:
Stafford loans. These are the most ubiquitous type of student loans, largely because students don't have to demonstrate need in order to secure one. The interest rate on a Stafford loan is variable and reset annually, depending on a formula that looks at prevailing market interest rates. Today, that rate is as low as 4.7%, and students can lock it in thanks to the Federal Consolidation Loan Program, which allows for a one-time opportunity to refinance.
Under the new legislation, the interest rate changes to a fixed rate of 6.8% starting July 1, 2006, on Stafford loans. While that is significantly higher than what students are currently paying, it is only slightly higher than what the average repayment rate has been since 1992-93, when the current interest-rate calculus was instituted, and is still below the current cap of 8.25%.
Parent Loans for Undergraduate Students. Under this program, money is lent directly to parents rather than students. As with Stafford loans, the variable rate is reset every year, though it is capped at 9%.
PLUS loans will become far less attractive under the new law, as interest rates on these loans will be fixed at 8.5% -- near the cap of 9%. Currently, the repayment rate on these loans is set at 6.1%.