16 awg is thick enough for 2x6 pin as well as 1x8 and 1x6 together. I would presume that any decent psu manufacturer would use even thicker wires when using 2x 8pins on the same wire or we'd be hearing a lot more about wires melting.
16awg can handle 22A which at 12v comes to 264W. When you consider that up to 75W (it varies greatly for different card models) comes via the PCIe slot itself, and that most top end cards don't draw more than 250-300W, 16awg is borderline OK in those situations.
It's when you have overclocked dual gpu cards that you really need to double check, or use 8 pins from separate cables.
On the other hand, The new 1080's with 2x 8 pins will never get close to making those wires too hot.
I think you're getting confused by the difference between a conductor and a cable. A power supply that uses 18 gauge and one that uses 16 gauge are both fine in all the scenarios you describe, though the 16 will suffer a little lower self heating and voltage drop. Each conductor is either 0.823 mm² (18ga.) or 1.31 mm² (16 ga.), so even with 2x8-pin connectors and 18 ga. you have six 12V conductors and essentially the same cross-sectional area (and much greater ampacity due to greater surface area) as a 10 ga. conductor.
Edit: Really the big limit on large chain PSU cables is the modular end. Most cables that have dual plugs on the GPU side still run each conductor through a single contact on the PSU side, so if you have two connectors running off six wires (three 12V and three 0V) they're all running through six pins on the PSU side and you're limited to ~30A per cable by the ~10A per pin spec for the Minifit Jr. depending on what terminals they used.
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