Ok, then lets start with taking #1. Raising taxes won't solve the problem since even at a 100% tax rate it's not enough.
This is not a reasonable argument to not raise taxes, because sure spending along can fix the problem, but so can a combination of spending cuts and higher taxes. Just because raising taxes alone can't fix the problem doesn't mean raising taxes can't fix part of the problem.
as for #2, as you say the government will spend more money no matter what, so raising taxes and giving the government more money doesn't have any effect on how much they spend. Thus it is not a valid argument for not raising taxes, since they will spend money if it's there or not.
We need to cut spending on tons of programs, defense being one that we need to majorly cut. We can spend some more on things like nasa, and other small programs that offer huge benefits based on the small money spent. A combination of spending cuts and raising taxes, and not just that but a much better setup tax system so that the economy will grow much stronger. So that we will get more taxes based on the good economy and spend less, giving a one two punch that will help lower the debt.
I have no problem spending more money on worthwhile things, such as NASA, and other hitech science and engineering programs. Things that give the public a great return on their money. We just need to go and cut down on all the waste, and excess we have in the system.