It's all about watts A couple watts is not going to hurt you. 1,000 watts will. (microwaves operate at about 1,500). Frequency plays a role too. The higher it is, the more dangerous it is. When you go past UV then it's very dangerous as it's ionizing. But even non ionizing can be dangerous at high enough power, it will burn you, mostly.
If you notice, cops rarely use a walkie talkie style CB radio. The actual radio unit is on their belt, and they have a handheld. One of the reasons for this is so the transmitter is not so close to their head. It's also so the antenna is straight so it keeps proper polarization. you're probably not going to have issues using transmitters close to you here and there but someone like a cop that's doing it every day will want to take precautions. Same with ham radio operators, you don't really want to be transmitting at 50 odd watts with the antenna on your desk practically in your face but you'll be fine if it's outside mounted on a mast.