Experience listed on a job description should never be taken as a reason why you shouldn't apply. I've never been experienced enough for any of the positions I've had (my last one required 15 years of experience and I had only been in the field for 6) but you should be able to easily demonstrate that your knowledge is on par with someone who has that level of experience. If they put 10 years of experience, all they're trying to do is weed out people who would never get past a simple phone screen.
Similarly, pay scales and pay ranges are always negotiable, unless you're in strict government work and the job has a set pay range. You should easily be able to justify why you're worth more, and if you can't figure out how to say it, then you probably aren't worth more. For highly specific fields, where the qualified candidates are rare, you can easily walk away from the offer if its too low. Simply say - hey, if you can find someone to do the job for that much, then great, but I know I'm worth XX, so if you can increase the salary and come back with a meaningful offer, then I'll accept it.
I've turned down plenty of jobs where they had limited their pay range to below market expectations, and I told them that.
Also - not every company is trying to intentionally fuck you over, and very few jobs are actually unionized unless you're a laborer. Yes, occasionally jobs are posted with a specific internal candidate in mind, and they just have to be externally posted to make HR happy - I've definitely done that - but usually they will never even interview, so it's not like they're taking you on a wild goose chase. If you see a job posting that is at least a few days old or longer, it's usually a safe bet.