It's an oxidation reaction. I'm not sure why it happens so fast, but it probably has something to do with the fact that where banannas come from the growth cycle is so fast there's really no reason for the fruit to last a long time. Bananna trees grow from seed to a fruiting size tree in just a year or two, then they produce a bunch of seeds and die. Each bananna tree only fruits once, but it makes a BUNCH of seeds.