Originally posted by: Eli
Quite simply, it is how much power the battery holds.
A 1800mAh battery should theoretically be able to put out 1800 milliamps(mA), or 1.8A, for an hour, hence 1800milliamp-hours(mAh).
A 2300mAh battery should be able to put out 2300mAh, or 2.3A, for an hour.
Or 1150mA for 2 hours. Or 575mA for 3 hours... etc.
Of course, when you connect multiple batteries together in series, the capacity raises with each additional battery. So if your camera takes 4 batteries and you use the 2300mAh flavor, you have a total of 9200mAh available, compared to only 7200 with 1800mAh batteries.
Not really sure if that does a very good job of explaining exactly what it is, if you don't have a concept of amperage/current.. but.. if not, go read some basic electronics.. lol.
Edit: grammar, corrected abbreviations..lol