I don't actually have any sound insulation in my case, but I can say that I am a noise and vibration engineer at a major car company in Australia. I am assuming that your main source of annoyance is the cooling fans inside your PC. Be very careful not to obstruct these, as you don't want your PC to overheat and get damaged.
Sound can be coming out of your case by several different means. One would be through actual leaks, such as the joins between panels. These can be sealed with thick tape, or with sticky sealer (kind of like blu-tack, only black). These should be available at a hardware store.
Another source of sound could be through the actual panels. This could be reduced by glueing sound absorbing material - such as thick felt - to the inside of the case. Again, be very careful not to obstruct any fans.
Please take this information as a guide only - I am used to applying my knowledge to cars, not computers. This may be of no use at all.