an anaerobic exercise doesnt use oxygen. approximately the first 70ish meters of a 100 meter race is anaerobic. therefore aerobic trainging is only useful for the last 30m or so. on the other hand long distance running is almost entirely aerobic, so they train aerobically. training aerobically is basically using your muscles for extended periods of time which forces the body to circulate more oxygen through the bloodstream to keep them firing at the same rate.
or at least somthing along those lines. kinetics and human physiology people feel free to correct me or clear it up.