The issue isn't that people are specifically targeting your phone or that people are being completely clueless, it's that you may get caught up in a malware campaign or make an innocent mistake. Some malware can spread without your doing much of anything intentional, like worms; and as we've seen here on AnandTech, there can be bad ads on good sites.
Personal responsibility goes a long way, but your phone shouldn't be vulnerable to old exploits just because your OEM didn't feel like issuing an available security patch that month.
Security patches aren't what really keeps a device safe, it's mainly user action.
Most of Android's problem is that it's a platform used on many more devices than iOS. Every study done about malware on the platform shows that the biggest problems come from third world users who use older, almost completely insecure devices. Simply put: iPhones are generally too expensive for those markets. So if you're still using an older Android phone from years ago that hasn't been updated in ages, then sure, be a little paranoid. (You'd probably still be fine though, as your chances are about 1 in 10 million of being compromised.) But a modern Android flagship used in the first world? Please. Stop being so paranoid.
On Android, it's possible to side-load apk files from nefarious sources, so many problems are user-related. If you go stealing apps as is possible on Android, then your milage may vary.
Google also allows a lot more types of apps on the Play store, like emulators and such. The trade off is: more choice and access to apps not available on iOS, vs. a much more vetted app store. It's a risk most Android users are OK with, because we prefer more choice, and know that actual harmful malware isn't really all that common. Sure it's possible, but the same is true with most any device. The real thing is how likely is it to be worried about in a paranoid and silly way.
Looking up malware campaigns, one can find them on both platforms:
https://techcrunch.com/2019/06/11/banking-apps-security-flaws/
So just for that example, the likelihood of you being targeted via flaws in your banking app software is pretty much equally likely on either platform.
Now, and I going to use this to wring my hands and say "ERMYGERD!!! your iPhone isn't safe to use!!!"?
No. Because that'd be the paranoid and silly reaction.
It's possible, but is it likely? If just the possibility is making people so fearful- maybe just don't use a smartphone at all. Problem solved.