Oh God... this is how it starts.
Lets just hit the main points:
1. Ohh the ireparable damage to the environment... We've been drilling on the North Slope for over 35 years. Those installations are the most heavily regulated and watched drilling platforms on earth. The technology today allows a much smaller footprint, therefore a much smaller impact on the environment.
2. But it's virgin, pristine wilderness... We're talking about a few thousand acres in an area containing 19 million acres in a state with 365 million acres of mostly virgin wilderness. Nobody wants to randomly drill all over the state to see what they can find. We just want to go and extract the massive reserves contained in that one small area.
3. There's not that much oil there... Yes, I said massive reserves up there. The mean estimate for that field is 10 billion barrels. Possibly as high as 16 billion and possibly as low as 6 billion. It would be the third, and possibly second, largest field in the US. Massive... AND significant.
4. It's only enough oil to last for six months. *BZZZ* Wrong again. It is just plain silly to approach this field and say that if it were our only oil source it would only last this long. At peak production ANWR will pump about 1 million barrels a day. Possibly more... That peak level of production is expected to last anywhere from 20-30 years by current estimates. (As an aside, "current estimates" in the early 70's placed Prudhoe Bay's life span at 15-20 years... 30 years later and it's still going strong thanks to new technology and drilling techniques that enable us to get to oil that was considered unrecoverable when the field was first tapped.) For those of you keeping score 1 million barrels is just less than half of the amount of oil we import from the ME today. If the argument is that by the time we hit peak production we'll be importing more... OK then, it'll supplement 1/3 of our ME imports. Still very significant. And very long term.
5. It'll take ten years to get production up and running. Not really... It will take UP TO ten years to reach PEAK PRODUCTION. These guys are good and they're fast. Building the spur to the pipeline will probably be the determining factor as to how long it will take for oil to start pumping. Considering it only took about 5 years to build the whole enchilada from Prudhoe to Valdez back in the 1970's with the technology available at the time it shouldn't take anywhere near as long to punch this one through.
6. The poor caribou and other critters... We'll kill them all. Eeesh... This is the biggest fallacy of them all. The caribou have not only survived drilling on the Slope, they have thrived. Numbers don't lie. The major herds on the Slope have tripled in size since the beginning of drilling and the installation of the pipeline. The caribou walk over it, under it and around it. They hold their newborns up against it to keep them warm. They walk right through fields and camps without a care. I've been there... I've seen it.
I think I hit the major points against drilling. Can't think of any more off the top of my head. I'm sure some creative person will come up with another reason but these seem to be the recurring objections that pop up over and over and over...