It won't work over the Internet, but if you just want to know which ports to open on the local Windows Firewall, the easiest way is to simply enable File and Printer Sharing in the Windows Firewall settings. For other software firewalls that don't have a built in setting for this, allow TCP ports 139 and 445, and UDP ports 137 and 138.
If you want to access a shared drive over the Internet, you either need to set up a VPN, or use an FTP server or something similar.