There are two kinds of programming languages. Procedural and object-oriented.
Procedural languages are old and represent an ancient way of thinking. You have to tell the computer what to do at each step of the way. Encapsulation is very limited if at all present. Some examples are BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, etc. Assemblers for various machine architectures are also strictly procedural.
Object oriented languages allow you to encapsulate and reference collections of data and functions. This enables code reuse and makes possible collaboration among a large number of programmers. Collaborating on procedural languages is difficult to impossible. Some examples for object oriented languages are C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby.
Some object oriented languages are unfairly known as "scripting languages" due to their extensive use on things like string processing rather than multimedia features. Perl, Python, Ruby, etc, are often referred to as scripting rather than programming languages. But this is an arbitrary naming convention.