ASP is a server-side scripting language, much like PHP and Perl. The code is executed by the web server and returns plain HTML, so the user cannot see your source, just the HTML end product. Javascript ont he other hand, is executed on the client by the web browser. The user can see exactly what you wrote in Javascript and steal your code and other sensitive information like database usernames and passwords.
ASP is developed by Microsoft and will run only on a Windows platform with Microsoft's IIS web server.
PHP and Perl will run on virtually any platform with most any web server (usually Apache).