The 'book type' is a piece of information which is recorded onto the disc, which gives information on the disc type (e.g. pressed DVD, Recordable DVD, etc.)
It is recorded in the main data area of the disc so is easily accessible by players. Some early DVD players would check this, to ensure that they wouldn't attempt to play incompatible discs (which had the additional benefit of not allowing copies to play). Later models use more sophisticated techniques for analysing discs, so just ignore the 'book type'.
On DVD-R the book type is pre-burned onto blanks at the factory. On DVD+R it is up to the burning software to burn it. Normally, the software will just specify 'recordable', but the software can specify 'pressed' if you want your discs to work in these old players.