Each PCI-E x1 slot offers twice the bandwidth of a PCI slot. Here's the fun part... every PCI slot uses the same bus... so if you have 2 PCI cards, you can assume they have around 1/4 that of PCI-E x1 .. Three cards is 1/6.. etc. Every lane for PCI-E is seperate from the others... many serial links as opposed to one parallel link.
PCI-E x4 has 8 times the bandwidth of one PCI slot etc..
Gigabit ethernet is TOO MUCH for PCI, hard drive controllers can be too much for PCI, etc. Hopefully many more devices will need it too, like sound cards... AI cards, etc.
This is also why server/workstation motherboards needed PCI-X (not to be confused with PCI-E) because PCI wasn't enough.