A few examples: (from the CIA website)
United States:
Population - 303m
Climate - temperate, 18% arable land
Area - 9.1million sq km
Resources - coal, copper, lead, molybdenum, phosphates, uranium, bauxite, gold, iron, mercury, nickel, potash, silver, tungsten, zinc, petroleum, natural gas, timber
note: the US has the world's largest coal reserves with 491 billion short tons accounting for 27% of the world's total
Russia:
Population - 140m
Climate - cool to subarctic, 7% arable land
Area - 17million sq km
Resources - major deposits of oil, natural gas, coal, and many strategic minerals, timber. *note: formidable obstacles of climate, terrain, and distance hinder exploitation of natural resources
China:
Population - 1330m
Climate - tropical in south to subarctic in north, 15% arable land
Area - 9.1million sq km
Resources - coal, iron ore, petroleum, natural gas, mercury, tin, tungsten, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, magnetite, aluminum, lead, zinc, uranium
United Kingdom:
Population - 61m
Climate - temperate, 23% arable land
Area - 0.24million sq km
Resources - coal, petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, tin, limestone, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, potash, silica sand, slate
Canada:
Population - 33m
Climate - temperate in south to subarctic, 4% arable land
Area - 9million sq km
Resources - iron ore, nickel, zinc, copper, gold, lead, molybdenum, potash, diamonds, silver, fish, timber, wildlife, coal, petroleum, natural gas, hydropower
Congo:
Population - 66m
Climate - tropical, 2% arable land
Area - 2.3million sq km
Resources - cobalt, copper, niobium, tantalum, petroleum, industrial and gem diamonds, gold, silver