EISA was created to compete with the IBM MCA. It came out after MCA. VL and "LocalBus" both came out before PCI as faster video-only connectors (like AGP is now).
Before ISA was the S100 bus. The processor card was frequently an 8080or Z80, occasionally an MC6800, OSI (Ohio Scientific, I think) was big with the 6805.
The chassis were fed with ~50Amp linear supplys (no switching power, this was pure rectifier and capacitor, fed with a 30 pound monster transformer ... pure muscle...).
And don't forget the Apple, the ][ and the ][+ were both on the market well before IBM came out with the PC.
Sinclair, Atari, and Commodore all had pre-pc computers, all had some flavor of propritary busses.
EuroBus-based computers were available, but usually for industrial controller applications (Ladder Process controllers, etc).
Intel had the MCS8080 developement system, but I'm pretty sure it was also S100.
I can't think of any (computer) systems that were based on the I4004, I'm sure there were some, but probably military-only, since most civilians wouldn't know what to do with all that raw power.......
FWIW
Scott