No way can you do this. The USB ethernet adapter only connects to the computer. It needs the power provided by the internal usb hub and also the necessary drivers for it to run....two things that the printer cannot provide. Also, the USB printer has a usb B type connector, and the usb ethernet uses and A/B cable, with the B connector going into the adapter, and the A connector going into the computer or hub. There is no way for you to connect the male A connector from the ethernet adapter to the female B connector of the printer.
Hopefully I got the connectors right...I'm writing this as A = rectangular connector, B = square connector