Uping video resolution professionally.

Davidh373

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Jun 20, 2009
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Hello. I am helping to start up a production company. Right now we are in a period of growth and we want to be best prepared to serve our client's needs. Does anyone here know how the pros do it. I know "Remastering" involves film, but there has to be some way to professionally up digital video resolution? I mean, Disney does it with their old movies all the time. They have their films on bluray in 1080p now. Am I just limited to the original resolution of a video file, or can I boost that somehow? Would this have to do with increasing the scale of the video in Premiere and having a high sampling rate?

Just a side note, I have access to Premiere Pro CS4 (along with the production premium), and Final Cut Express. I am not necessarily looking for freeware unless it is something a professional studio would use.
 

Adul

Elite Member
Oct 9, 1999
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You can't create what isn't there. Disney is pulling from film stock which has a far higher resolution than what can even be captured by HD movies. While scaling up a lower resolution video to higher resolution does nothing to add detail. You can always scale down, but not up.
 

Kaido

Elite Member & Kitchen Overlord
Feb 14, 2004
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You can boost it, just be aware that there's only so much you can do with interpolation. There's a number of different apps and services available. If you're going from like a DVD to 720p, that's not too bad because it's 480p to 720p, but if you want to go full HD, that's a bit more of a jump - 480p to 1080p. Red Giant has a decent app for $99 called Instant HD that will up-rez your files pretty easily:

http://www.redgiantsoftware.com/products/all/magic-bullet-instant-hd/

It's compatible with Final Cut Pro, Premiere, and After Effects. If the footage is super old, like a VHS tape that you want to flip, you can also combine it with Neat Video ($99, multiple platforms) to do some de-noising:

http://www.neatvideo.com/

There are professional shops that do it, but they cost and arm and a leg and there's only so much you can do. There are a few limited shops that have magic algorithms that work pretty decently, but those are super expensive. Again these solutions are still limited to the quality of the original source file, but at least it'll have a little bit of gloss applied instead of a straightup up-rez. HTH.
 

Davidh373

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Jun 20, 2009
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So maybe this is something to add to our list of offerings later. As I see there are certain places that do it (so it is possible). The expense of the software is really nothing compared to the amount it could bring in, so that is no issue. Could I up the video from 480 to 720, and then 720 to 480 pretty safely?
I really don't understand how disney could pull from stock that's high res if it was the 70's, and HD wasn't even around. Could you go into that in a little more detail?
 

PurdueRy

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Nov 12, 2004
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So maybe this is something to add to our list of offerings later. As I see there are certain places that do it (so it is possible). The expense of the software is really nothing compared to the amount it could bring in, so that is no issue. Could I up the video from 480 to 720, and then 720 to 480 pretty safely?
I really don't understand how disney could pull from stock that's high res if it was the 70's, and HD wasn't even around. Could you go into that in a little more detail?

You're very confused. HD "wasn't" around because media wasn't digital. HD is a term decribing a digital resolution. However, the movie screens also weren't "HD" and still most aren't "HD" today but still look better than our TV's at home...how come?

Film can't really be defined by a digital resolution. However, its resolution is much higher than that of 480p. Because of this, Disney going back to the film reels and making new HD transfers better captures what the original film looked like. They aren't upscaling the movie, they are better representing the capability of the film on digital media.
 

Kaido

Elite Member & Kitchen Overlord
Feb 14, 2004
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So maybe this is something to add to our list of offerings later. As I see there are certain places that do it (so it is possible). The expense of the software is really nothing compared to the amount it could bring in, so that is no issue. Could I up the video from 480 to 720, and then 720 to 480 pretty safely?
I really don't understand how disney could pull from stock that's high res if it was the 70's, and HD wasn't even around. Could you go into that in a little more detail?

Going down is easy, going up is not easy. You can shrink the video as much as you want in resolution and it will look great - that's why DVD rips to iPods look just fine. But going up, the software has to fill in the blanks, so it starts to look all pixely. Think of it like a towel - you can scruch it up smaller if you want to pretty easily, but when you start pulling it to make it bigger, the threads start coming apart. Not a great analogy but you see the point - you start getting holes.

The software has to figure out what to put in the holes. Basic uprezzing is just a pixel-for-pixel uprez, which looks pretty bad, so a lot of programs use some sort of sampling to make it look a bit better (software that guesses what to put in the digital holes better). This still results in a soft, pixely image, but at least it doesn't look as bad as a straight uprez. And when you throw in motion, instead of a still picture, it's a bit harder to notice. Go to Youtube and then click fullscreen on a standard-definition video and notice how it looks all grainy and pixely and just generally "bad". That's because the software is just upscaling the existing image without anything special. You can do a bit better with software, but not much.

Disney and other companies are using analog media, which has a lot more flexibility in terms of upscaling because they have the original sources to work with. Think of it this way - when you scan in a photograph into your computer at like 4800 dpi, it comes out HUGE right? Like bigger than your monitor. So if you have a movie shot on film or an original frame from Cinderella, you can just increase the DPI and scan it so that it comes in at HD. You can do MORE than HD if you want. Movies at the movie theater are shown to you in 1080p and then sold later as 480p DVD's. If you have access to the original footage, then you have a lot to work with. If all you have is a crummy VHS tape or digital Youtube clip, then that's not all that much to work with because you have no flexibility with changing the original input source.

So that's why old movies can look great in High Definition - because they ARE high definition, not upscaled movies. But not all movies are done this way, because it can get really expensive to do. Some movies are called "flippers" - they simply take the VHS tape and flip it to DVD, so instead of getting a nice, clear 480p picture, all you're getting is a cruddy VHS transfer. One of the early Batman movies was like that, and you can tell just from watching it on DVD that it wasn't really DVD quality.

So the moral of the story is, you can't get more than what you have, but you can sometimes fake it pretty well, and if you have the original source footage and the tools to import it digitally, you can do a great job going to HD (but that's expensive & time-consuming stuff). In closing, I'll leave you with this:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vxq9yj2pVWk
 

Kaido

Elite Member & Kitchen Overlord
Feb 14, 2004
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Here's a good article on the guys that transferred the Star Wars footage to DVD :

http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/techinnovations/2004-09-06-star-wars_x.htm

Basically they used computer software to reduce softness and grain, including dust, blemishes, scratches, etc. They had to go in and check every single frame, 24 frames per second, to make sure the computer was working right and making any tweaks necessary. Lowry Digital is a pretty big player in this type of stuff, check out a sample video:

http://www.lowrydigital.com/restoration.html

So you can either pay a lot of money and have it done, invest in a lot of expensive hardware and software and watch stuff frame-by-frame and get it done, or just buy some off-the-shelf software and at least get better results than you would with a straight upscale.
 

slashbinslashbash

Golden Member
Feb 29, 2004
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You're very confused. HD "wasn't" around because media wasn't digital. HD is a term decribing a digital resolution. However, the movie screens also weren't "HD" and still most aren't "HD" today but still look better than our TV's at home...how come?

Film can't really be defined by a digital resolution. However, its resolution is much higher than that of 480p. Because of this, Disney going back to the film reels and making new HD transfers better captures what the original film looked like. They aren't upscaling the movie, they are better representing the capability of the film on digital media.

Exactly. A decent quality piece of 35mm film (which was a common film stock for movies, e.g. Disney's Sleeping Beauty) has (depending on who you ask) between 20MP and 35MP of effective resolution. This is far beyond "HD" quality (1920x1080 is only about 2MP). So even at 1080p on Blu-Ray, we still can't see the full resolution of these films. However, 1080p is certainly "good enough" and surpasses most people's visual acuity at standard living-room TV sizes and sitting distances.

It's sort of like.... say you have an old photograph. An 8"x10" print from the 70's which was produced from a 4"x5" large-format negative by a professional photographer. Back in the 90's you got your first scanner, so you scanned in the photo. This produced an image file with resolution of, say, 800x1000 pixels. Of course the actual photo had a lot more detail than that, but that was the best your scanner could do. But now you have a better scanner, so you scan it in and it's 4000x5000 pixels. This comes much closer to capturing the full detail of the original photo.
 

Davidh373

Platinum Member
Jun 20, 2009
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Kaido, Thank you for a very detailed explanation. I did know this from a while back, but I was hoping there was something new out there. I cant imagine when Digital resolution increases, like when monitors are standard in 8k, how we'll be able to tolerate the 1080p. With no way to upconvert video that will (soon) only be shot on Red (4k). I know they are developing Epic right now, and probably will develop digital video cameras further, but that kinda sucks. Luckily we will be shooting on tape (mini HDV) for some time.
 
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Kaido

Elite Member & Kitchen Overlord
Feb 14, 2004
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Kaido, Thank you for a very detailed explanation. I did know this from a while back, but I was hoping there was something new out there. I cant imagine when Digital resolution increases, like when monitors are standard in 8k, how we'll be able to tolerate the 1080p. With no way to upconvert video that will (soon) only be shot on Red (4k). I know they are developing Epic right now, and probably will develop digital video cameras further, but that kinda sucks. Luckily we will be shooting on tape (mini HDV) for some time.

Well, the first EPIC will be 5K, and I think the Scarlets will be 6K at some point (as well as the EPICs, of course). The starting Scarlets will be 3K for $5,000 ready-to-roll (full kit minus memory), so it's a pretty good idea to go with those for now. The Scarlet is going to be a big gamechanger for pushing forward the digital agenda in Hollywood. I'm a college student right now and even I can afford a Scarlet with a lot of saving & side jobs - anyone with access to a McDonalds and some free time in the evenings can get one, so there's no real excuse to not take advantage of the new fully-digital regime.

I think 3D is going to throw a wrench in things for awhile. Most people don't even have Blu-ray, let alone are ready to upgrade to 3D. And paying $100 for glasses per person is pretty lame - how do you have a big group of friends over? Lame. We're not going to go past HD for awhile imo, not even to 2K or 3K. And like you said, even HDV and stuff is safe for awhile, especially for projects like weddings. I've done a couple weddings with my HDV camcorder and everybody absolutely loved it. Normal, non-techie people don't give a hoot, as long as it looks good ;)
 

Davidh373

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Jun 20, 2009
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lol, our shooters hate weddings. We just sold a $5000 job and it's likely we'll have more after because it's for a huge upscale charity event. So we'll get into the public eye. We'll probably upgrade from the 2 XH-A1s we have now to 3 Reds or Scarlets next year. On the film side of things we have a 200K budget for our first feature. So you are saying Scarlet will be the way to go?