Did you try changing the cpu multiplier setting? K6-2s need to have the multiplier and fsb set manually either by Jumpers/dip switches on the motherboard or in the bios or even a combination of both depending on the board design. You need to find out what settings are available on that motherboard and if it is even capable of running that chip at that speed. That boards FSB is set to either 66mhz or 100mhz for the original 300mhz cpu you need to figure out which one it is and if the board supports 100mhz or not. a lot of those hps ran k6-2s on the 66mhz bus rather than 100.
that page you linked only shows jumper settings for multipliers od 4.5, 5, and 5.5. I also only shows FSB jumper settings for 66mhz. I wouldn't be surprised if 66mhz is the only viable fsb setting but I would be surprised if there were only the three multiplier settings. It looks like there are still several jumper combinations on the multiplier block that they don't mention.
BF0 1-2 2-3 2-3
BF1 1-2 1-2 2-3
BF2 1-2 1-2 1-2
examine the motherboard pcb very closely. many times they silkscreen jumper setting keys for the multiplier settings and fsb on the motherboard. If the board has the capability of 100mhz fsb you will want to use that to get close to the processors rated speed. Don't be surprised if the board can't run the 533 at its rated speed though. HP didn't care much about upgradability in their systems so the board was probably just speced to run their configuration and not much more.