The closest I've heard of is
HD-Burn, a proprietary format developed by Sanyo, initially only offered on Optorite drives. Optorite, if you remember, made some of the first Dual-format DVD burners. Their inital offering -- the DD0201 -- also came with HD-Burn support.
HD-Burn allows you to burn twice as much data onto a CD-r, 1400mb of data on one CD. (
Mode 2/XA isn't offered, so you can't make an "HD-(S)VCD" and get 1600mb of data on) I'm unsure of how the tech works exactly, (
Involves lowering the bitpath width) but I do know that it requires high-end CD-r media. Taiyo Uden, Ricoh/Ritek and FujiFilm are the recommended brands. (
Fujis are on sale every so often at BB, CC, etc.) Low-end generic brands have never worked for me.
The only problem is that Optorite doesn't produce the best drives. The DD0203 has calibration issues, and often turns minor disc imperfections into huge glaring discolorations, at least on DVDs. Not many other manufacturers support the format, though supposedly only a minor firmware modification is required to allow DVD drives to read the media. Optorite is still churning out drives that support HD-Burn, so it's still possible it'll be supported by DVD players in the future. At the moment though it's mostly a specialized market. It could go the way of LaserDiscs, or the way of DVDs.