I think you are being way to pessimistic about having the State Guaranty Association take over and decide how to handle the policies. As I am sure you are aware, the State Guaranty Association will assist in paying the claims of the insolvent insurance company. The legislature of each State writes the laws regarding what happens when an insurance company becomes insolvent, so I would agree that each State is a little different. Some of the policies would be transferred to other insurance companies within the State and nothing would change except the name of the insurance company. As far as the other policies, I am quite certain that some claims may be delayed and/or limited, depending on the State, but I hardly think it would amount to a few pennies on the dollar. I could be wrong on that, but I seriously doubt that would be the way it works out.
But in any case, I think you are being way too melodramatic about this. There is no doubt that if your insurance company becomes insolvent, you COULD have a problem. But more likely you would have a problem only if you have an outstanding claim. You COULD also have a problem in cases where you are an older person and you have a rather large insurance policy. (I am sure there are other cases as well) I imagine the magnitude of the problem would depend on several factors and without specific information there is no way to tell with any degree of certainty exactly what would happen. I would not however, be as pessimistic about it as you seem to be. You MAY end up getting screwed, but I am pretty sure they would give you a large economy size jar of Vaseline first.
It depends. For most policy holders of life insurance, the limits of State guarantee are higher than the policy benefits anyway. It's similar to an FDIC bank that goes under; most customers would get all their money back because they don't keep $100k in their account (or whatever the new limit is). But some policy holders with larger policies, which can represent a large population, would get only partial returns on their contributions or partial payment of DB due to limits.
But you do not need to reach the limits to get fucked.
For permanent insurance, part of the "rehabilitation" is recalculating the cash value needed to sustain those policies.
My friend for example had a policy from a company called Executive Life. They went belly up and were taken over. My friend had a CV PLI policy which was supposed to provide him a $100,000 DB until at least age 100 at X premium. After the policy was rehabilitated, the CV required to drive the DB in his policy quadrupled, requiring HUGE premiums. Since he didn't have that kind of money on hand, he was forced to let the policy go. He got some cash, but it paled to what Executive Life promised him.
My original point in this regard was simply that because some big company "guarantees" something, does not mean that it is.
This is far more germane to my clients than average people. 90% of the policies I control are in the $5,000,000+ permanent insurance range with high cash values. If the companies insuring these people were to go away, my people would be SOL for millions and millions of dollars.