I have no idea what most of these items are, you're probably using terminology that is beyond the simple first aid I learned in Boy Scouts. Regardless I don't think I've ever seen a first aid kit at any pharmacy or sporting goods store that included trauma shears, or a tourniquet. You're either assembling your own first aid kit or you're shopping at some far more specialized stores than I do. I'm guessing that you have more than an average education in first aid, people who took high school health or watched an episode of House don't use words like nasopharyngeal airway, even spell check doesn't know what that is.
Well I am EMT certified and a 68W Combat Medic, but in all honesty, those items are dead simple to use with just a couple hours of training for non medical personnel.
A tourniquet is necessary, the good ones like the Special forces torniquet and combat action torniquet can be applied in 30 seconds and has been proven to be 100% effective at stopping bleeding when applied correctly. Sort of expensive and training is longer(so you have muscle memory for speed and correct application, especially 1 handed self application on an arm) but even then it's ~$38 and maybe 30 minutes of training.
Combat Action Tourniquet
Trauma shears are scissors designed to cut off clothing and expose the wound. They're under $5. No training required.
Trauma Shears
Hemostatic dressing is a gauze with chemicals embedded in them to clot blood and sop bleeding. Great for packing a wound in conjunction with a Emergency trauma bandage. The substance itself is cheap but the dressings are prices ($10 vs. $~$40, maybe 5 min of training)
Quikclot
Quikclot Combat Gauze
A ETB or Israeli bandage is a much more secure, faster ace wrap for creating pressure dressings on limbs, again about $7 and it will stop even moderate arterial bleeding that would otherwise kill someone if used correctly. (10-20 minutes training, maybe, if that.)
ETB/ITB
Sam splints are aluminum core foam padded splints that can be bent (and cut with trauma shears) into hundreds of shapes to stabilize just about every bone in your body. You only really ever need ot remeber a couple and the rest can come from improvisation (ex. for tibia fractures, fold it over on itself and give it a curve for more strength on such a large area to splint). Training time, 10 minutes. $10
Sam Splint
Cravat is just another word for triangle muslin bandage. Use it as a tie for big splints or a triangular arm splint, it's got thousands of uses as long as you improvise. $.40 to $3. Training to learn arm splint, maybe 10 minutes.
Cravat
A nasopharyngeal airway is a rubber tube that goes in your nose to keep your nasal pharynx open in conscious patients. Lube it up, stick it in the right direction (bevel facing towards the ear, into the right nostril first, directly backwards and push gently until you come to the end) prevents the nasal cavity from having blood and trauma occlude the airway as well as being a little effective in preventing the tongue from blocking the throat (the most common cause of airway blockage). $5, 10 minutes of training to learn how to find the right size and most likely a bloody nose on the person you try it on.
NPA
Lube, though technically astroglide or most water based lubricants are the same thing, just not sterile and antibacterial
An oropharyngeal airway is even easier to use and is used on unconscious patients with no gag reflex (stick it in tip facing upwards until you hit the hard palate[you'll feel it turn from flesh to bony/cartilaginous] , rotate it around so the tip is now down towards the neck and put in, making sure the toung is held by it, not pushed back behind it). It keeps the tongue from going limp and falling into the airway. Training 5 minutes in learning how select the right size and insert it. $5.
OPA
Honestly that's all you really need. The only difference between that kit and a Basic certified EMT is that you still lack the equipment in medications and oxygen and the knowledge to resuscitate people, track vitals and do various other things, but trauma wise you'd be golden.
If anyone wants me to learn, send me a pm and I'll see if I can type something up and give some scanned pages.
