Compared to a plasma etch, a blow drier is mild.
🙂
But still, ESD is a serious, important problem and users should take as much caution against ESD as they would from dropping it from a height, or from spilling (for example) Pepsi all over it. It takes surprisingly little static charge to disable a chip since static voltages are extremely high. And the problem with ESD is that it often renders the part merely unstable - not dead. In the labs at Intel, not wearing a grounding strap is likely to get an employee a sstern lecture and possibly attendence in an ESD precaution class.
In one case I personally destroyed a unique prototype processor by reaching out and take it from a coworked while we were walking down the hallway at Intel. It worked before the hand-off. When I touched it, I felt the spark, it didn't work 5 minutes later. Then some time later, I watched a fellow engineer disable a multi-million dollar defect detection system by ignoring all of the "ESD Protection Required!" signs and loading the part without using a grounding strap. You could hear the spark from several feet away and then I watched a whole array of diagnostic lights come on. It took the better part of a day and a half for a technician to fix. From personal experience, I have learned to respect static electricity's ability to destroy semiconductor components .
As far as what the limits are, I had a hard time finding them. I am not sure why they are not in the databook or the design guides... Anyway, the details of the ESD testing methods for some older processrs are
here. The details of the newer ones are apparently not publicly available. Summarizing the link above, the standard method of test is the "Human Body Model" (HBM) which models the static electricity of a person by by a 100 pF capacitor discharged through a switching component and a 1.5kW series resistor into the component. Intel, according the older document reference above, used to (and presumably still does) test to the 2000V HBM with plenty of extra margin (ie. 4-8kV HBM).
Patrick Mahoney
Microprocessor Design Engineer
Intel Corp.